Miller en Urey
Wetenschappen
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08 Mei 2009 | 11:35:19
Het ontstaan van leven is moeilijk te begrijpen. De scheikundigen Miller en Urey maakten in 1953 een oersoep, waarin zij na een week aminozuren (bouwstenen van leven) vonden. Nu weten we dat de luchtlaag rond de jonge aarde op een aantal punten niet helemaal te vergelijken is met deze oersoep. Sommige wetenschappers denken daarom dat het leven op aarde elders in het heelal is ontstaan. In 2010 gaat het Miller-Urey experiment de ruimte in om deze theorie te testen.
Het ontstaan van leven is moeilijk te begrijpen, er is immers geen mens bij aanwezig geweest. De wetenschap geeft ons wel aanwijzingen, bijvoorbeeld over de vorming van aminozuren (bouwstenen van leven). Science Center NEMO herhaalt de komende jaren de beroemde proef van scheikundigen Miller en Urey en in 2010 gaat dit experiment ook de ruimte in. Op die manier hopen wetenschappers nog meer over het ontstaan van leven te weten te komen.
Waar komt het leven op aarde vandaan? Met die vraag worstelde de jonge onderzoeker Stanley Miller in 1953, toen hij afstudeerde in het laboratorium van scheikundige en Nobelprijswinnaar Harold Urey. Samen bedachten de twee een eenvoudige, maar baanbrekende manier om hierachter te komen: door de omstandigheden van de jonge aarde nauwkeurig na te maken, hoopten ze dat er vanzelf iets zou gebeuren. Miller en Urey gingen er vanuit dat het leven op aarde opgebouwd moet zijn uit de levenloze materie die er toen al was. Dat idee noemen we chemische evolutie.
Vonk
De opstelling die Miller en Urey bedachten, zit eigenlijk heel eenvoudig in elkaar. In een afgesloten glazen bol bevindt zich een mengsel van methaan (CH4), waterstof (H2), ammoniak (NH3) en water (H2O). Dit mengsel komt volgens de twee scheikundigen grotendeels overeen met de samenstelling van de luchtlaag (atmosfeer) rond de jonge aarde. Twee elektroden zorgen ervoor dat met regelmaat een elektrische vonk, vergelijkbaar met bliksem bij een onweersbui, door het reactiemengsel heen gaat. Op die manier bleken aminozuren helemaal vanzelf te ontstaan. Nou ja, vanzelf…
Om vanuit de vier stoffen uit de vroege atmosfeer tot nieuwe moleculen te komen, zijn scheikundige reacties nodig. Maar die verlopen bijna nooit vanzelf. Om compleet nieuwe stoffen te kunnen krijgen, is in het begin vaak energie nodig – óók als er bij de reactie zelf energie vrijkomt. Op de jonge aarde bliksemde het veel, precies het soort zetje dat nodig is om stoffen uit het reactiemengsel met elkaar te laten reageren.
Schematische weergave van de opstelling van het Miller-Urey experiment.
Door de glazen bol met het reactiemengsel te verwarmen, versnelden Miller en Urey de reacties die er in optraden. Ze lieten het experiment een week lang onaangeroerd en maakten daarna de bol open. Tot hun vreugde ontdekten ze dat daarin een enorme hoeveelheid nieuwe stoffen zat. Hiertussen vonden Miller en Urey minstens vijf verschillende aminozuren. Toen wetenschappers in 1998 een overgebleven buisje van dit experiment met nieuwe metingen nauwkeuriger bekeken, bleken er zelfs tweeëntwintig verschillende aminozuren te zijn ontstaan!
Volgende stap
Miller en Urey waren zo blij dat ze aminozuren vonden, omdat dit de ´bouwstenen van leven´ zijn. Je hebt aminozuren namelijk nodig om grotere onderdelen, zoals eiwitten, te bouwen. Een eiwit ontstaat altijd door een aaneenschakeling van een aantal aminozuren. Zo’n aaneenschakeling kan alleen gemaakt worden als er niet teveel zuurstof (O2) in de omgeving aanwezig is. Zuurstofdeeltjes kunnen de verbinding tussen losse aminozuren steeds opnieuw verbreken. In de atmosfeer van de jonge aarde en in het Miller-Urey experiment was dan ook weinig zuurstof aanwezig.
Het eerste echte leven
De eerste levensvormen (die 3,8 miljard jaar geleden ontstonden) konden heel goed zonder zuurstof. Sterker nog: het was in hoge concentraties zelfs giftig voor ze. Het gaat om blauwalgen die uitsluitend leefden van zonlicht en stikstofverbindingen en zuurstof produceerden als afvalproduct. In eerste instantie werd zuurstof opgenomen in rotsen, zeeën en oceanen, maar kwam uiteindelijk ook in de atmosfeer terecht. Dit gaf leven, dat voor de ademhaling afhankelijk is van zuurstof, de kans om zich te ontwikkelen. Het nieuwe leven verdrong blauwalgen voorgoed naar plekken met weinig zuurstof. Tijdens een hete zomer kan in stilstaand water zuurstoftekort ontstaan en dan zie je blauwalgen nog weleens opduiken. Blauwalgen bestaan natuurlijk niet alleen uit een serie aan elkaar gekoppelde aminozuren. Het zijn complete cellen. Om zulk leven te maken, moeten moleculen zichzelf kunnen kopiëren. Dat kopiëren geeft uiteindelijk ook de mogelijkheid tot voortplanting en erfelijkheid. De moleculen pakken zich samen in iets wat lijkt op een waterdruppeltje. Dit druppeltje schermt de moleculen af van hun omgeving, waardoor een primitieve cel ontstaat. Het belangrijkste kenmerk van zo’n cel is dat het een min of meer zelfstandige eenheid is met z’n eigen interne huishouding (stofwisseling), die anders is dan de stofwisseling van zijn omgeving.
Miljard jaar
Helaas weten we nu dat de atmosfeer van de jonge aarde op een aantal punten niet helemaal te vergelijken is met het Miller-Urey experiment. Onze planeet ontstond ongeveer 4,5 miljard jaar geleden. Er was toen veel vulkanische activiteit en tegenwoordig weten we dat bij vulkaanuitbarstingen met name koolstofmonoöxide (CO), koolstofdioxide (CO2), stikstof (N2) en waterdamp (H2O) vrijkomen. Wetenschappers denken dan ook dat dit de stoffen zijn die in de atmosfeer van de jonge aarde aanwezig waren. Het experimentele mengsel dat Miller en Urey samenstelden, reageert sterker dan de hierboven beschreven atmosfeer van de jonge aarde. Herhaling van het experiment met koolstofmonoöxide (CO), koolstofdioxide (CO2), stikstof (N2) en waterdamp (H2O) levert nauwelijks aminozuren op. Eigenlijk is dat ook niet zo vreemd, want de jonge aarde heeft bijna een miljard jaar de tijd gehad om leven te maken in plaats van een week.
Kraamkamers in het heelal
Andere wetenschappers denken dat het eerste leven misschien niet op de aarde zelf ontstond, maar ergens anders in het heelal. Sterrenkundigen hebben namelijk de afgelopen jaren een flink aantal van dezelfde stoffen als uit het Miller-Urey experiment gevonden, maar dan in de ruimte. Vaak gebeurde dit in een gaswolk waarin nieuwe sterren gevormd worden (een wolk interstellaire materie). In deze ‘kraamkamers’ van het heelal gebeuren een heleboel dingen waar we eigenlijk maar weinig vanaf weten. Hoewel het duidelijk is dat er in deze wolken ingewikkelde moleculen gevormd worden, is de oorzaak daarvan nog een groot raadsel. De dichtheid van de gaswolk is namelijk zo laag dat het bijna nooit voorkomt dat twee deeltjes dicht genoeg bij elkaar in de buurt komen om met elkaar te reageren.
De oplossing van dit raadsel is misschien te vinden in zeldzame stofdeeltjes die door de gaswolk zweven. De piepkleine stofdeeltjes zijn brokjes silicium of koolstof en vormen allemaal bij elkaar ongeveer één procent van de gaswolk. Het stof helpt waarschijnlijk bij de vorming van moleculen: deeltjes kunnen namelijk aan de stofjes blijven plakken, waardoor de kans dat ze met elkaar reageren veel groter wordt. Om erachter te komen hoe dat precies gaat en of dat kan verklaren dat er ingewikkelde moleculen tevoorschijn komen, moet nog flink wat onderzoek worden verricht.
Ruimte experiment
In 2010 gaat het Miller-Urey experiment daarom ook de ruimte in. Daar zal een wolk interstellaire materie worden nagemaakt. In deze kunstmatige gaswolk zitten siliciumbrokjes die erg lijken op de stofjes die in werkelijkheid in de ruimte voorkomen. De onderzoekers zullen de gaswolk flink laten afkoelen om de extreem koude omstandigheden in de ruimte na te bootsen. Omdat processen in de ruimte meestal vele duizenden jaren duren, kiezen de ontwikkelaars van het ruimte-experiment ervoor om vonken door de gaswolk heen te schieten. Zo komt de reactie sneller op gang en zijn de resultaten beter zichtbaar. Doordat er in de ruimte geen zwaartekracht is, verwachten wetenschappers dat chemische reacties daar een beetje anders verlopen dan hier op aarde. Ook het resultaat van dit experiment wordt dus spannend!
Vanaf 23 april 2009 is de tentoonstelling ‘Zoeken naar leven’ in NEMO open voor publiek. Kijk op de website van Science Center NEMO voor meer informatie en openingstijden.
Inquisitie en de Jodenvervolging omstreeks 1492
the Catholic Conspiracy
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22 April 2009 | 15:04:02
In haar methodes, technieken en procedures was de Spaanse inquisitie gelijk aan zijn middeleeuwse voorganger. Ze verschilde van de middeleeuwse variant omdat ze geen verantwoording schuldig was aan de paus, maar direct aan de Spaanse kroon. Er was nog een belangrijk aspect waarin ze van elkaar verschilden. De voornaamste doelen van de middeleeuwse inquisitie in Frankrijk en Italië waren christelijke ketters geweest, zoals de katharen, Waldenzen en Fraticelli, of vermeende ketters zoals de tempeliers. Het voornaamste doel van de Spaanse inquisitie betrof de joodse bevolking op het Iberisch schiereiland. Ze zou wat betreft kwaadaardigheid en systematiek in zijn antisemitisme vooruitlopen op de pathologie van het twintigste-eeuwse nazisme.
In het midden van de veertiende eeuw, meer dan honderd jaar voor de opkomst van de Spaanse inquisitie, was Castilië al verscheurd geweest door een burgeroorlog. Beide partijen waren op zoek naar een zondebok en vonden die in de joodse gemeenschap – die, vanwege de prijzenswaardige tolerantie van de vroegere islamitische regimes, met name in Spanje groot was. Er waren pogroms geweest en de vlammen waren nog hoger opgestoken door fanatieke christelijke predikers. Het geweld was verhevigd totdat het in 1391 een hoogtepunt bereikte met de moord op honderden, wellicht duizenden, joden.
Geïntimideerd door deze tegen hen gerichte vervolging hadden veel joodse families in Spanje in de laatste decennia van de veertiende eeuw afstand gedaan van hun geloof en waren christen geworden. Deze mensen stonden bekend als ‘conversos’. Het was echter wel bekend dat in veel gevallen de bekering was afgedwongen en dat men in het geheim nog steeds vasthield aan het oorspronkelijk geloof. Dat gold ongetwijfeld voor een aanzienlijk aantal van hen; de meesten leken echter matig enthousiaste christenen geworden te zijn, net zoals ze daarvoor matig enthousiaste joden waren geweest. Of ze nu wel of niet oprecht katholiek geworden waren, de ‘converso’-families riepen hoe dan ook altijd argwaan en wantrouwen op en ze bleven het doelwit van antisemieten. De grootste antipathie bleef bewaard voor de zogenaamde ‘judassers’ – ‘conversos’ die ervan werden verdacht in het geheim praktiserend jood te zijn of, erger nog, tot christen geworden joden weer tot het jodendom te bekeren.
Ondanks het heersende vooroordeel tegen hen bloeiden veel ‘converso’-families op. In de jaren die volgden, zou een aantal van hen bekendheid verwerven in de koninklijke en burgerlijke macht en zelfs in de Kerk. In 1390 bekeerde de rabbi van Burgos zich bijvoorbeeld tot het katholicisme. Aan het eind van zijn leven zou hij bisschop van Burgos, pauselijk gezant en leraar voor een eimand van koninklijken bloede zijn. Hij was niet de enige. In een aantal van de belangrijkste steden werd het bestuur voornamelijk gevormd door vooraanstaande ‘converso’-families. Toen de Spaanse inquisitie net was ingesteld, was de schatmeester van koning Ferdinand qua achtergrond ‘converso’. In Aragon werden de vijf hoogste regeringsposten in het koninkrijk bezet door ‘conversos’. In Castilië waren maar liefst vier ‘converso’-bisschoppen. Drie van koningin Isabella’s secretarissen waren ‘conversos’, hetzelfde gold voor de officiële kroniekschrijver van het hof. Een van Torquemada’s ooms was een ‘converso’. Zelfs Sint-Theresa, die later zo geliefd was om haar pathologische katholicisme, was niet geheel ‘onbesmet’. In 1485 werd haar grootvader gedwongen om boete te doen omdat hij praktiserend jood was geweest – een aanwijzing dat de toekomstige heilige zelf joodse voorouders had.
Over het algemeen bevonden de ‘conversos’ en hun families zich onder de best opgeleide mensen van Spanje. Toen ze meer bekendheid kregen, gingen ze ook behoren tot de meest welgestelde. Hun sociale en economische status moest misschien wel de jaloezie en afgunst van hun buren opwekken. Ook zou de inquisitie zich steeds vijandelijker tegenover hen gaan opstellen.
Vanaf haar oprichting had de Spaanse inquisitie al begerig naar de joodse rijkdom gekeken. Ook voelde zij een onverzoenlijke antipathie tegen joden zelf, simpelweg omdat ze buiten de officiële jurisdictie van de inquisitie vielen. Volgens de oorspronkelijke breve mocht de inquisitie de ketters aanpakken – dat wil zeggen de christenen die waren afgeweken van de orthodoxe formules van het geloof. Zij had niets te zeggen over de aanhangers van geheel andere religies, zoals de joden en de moslims. De joodse en islamitische gemeenschappen in Spanje waren groot. Een aanzienlijk deel van de bevolking bleef zo dus gevrijwaard van de inquisitie; en voor een instituut dat een totale overheersing nastreefde, was zo’n situatie natuurlijk onverdraaglijk.
De eerste stap die de inquisitie hierin zette, betrof de zogenaamde ‘judassers’ – joden die getracht zouden hebben ‘converso’ die tot het jodendom terugkeerde na christen geweest te zijn, kon gemakkelijk als ketter worden bestempeld. Hetzelfde zou kunnen gelden voor iedereen die hem ertoe had aangezet tot het jodendom terug te keren – en deze overtreding zou nog kunnen worden uitgebreid zodat uiteindelijk alle joden eronder vielen. De inquisitie bleef echter zitten met een probleem omdat men bewijs voor elke vervolging moest leveren – of verzinnen – en dit was niet altijd even gemakkelijk.
De inquisitie nam enthousiast het kwaadaardige antisemitisme over van de beruchte Alonso de Espina, die zowel joden als ‘conversos’ haatte. Alonso was een voorstander dan de totale uitroeiing van het jodendom in Spanje en had al een deel van de bevolking voor zich gemobiliseerd. De inquisitie nam dit van Alonso over en begon zijn eigen fanatieke antisemitische propaganda, en gebruikte daarbij technieken die zo’n vier en een halve eeuw later ook door Joseph Goebbels zouden worden toegepast. Steeds opnieuw uitte men allerlei schandelijke beschuldigingen want men wist dat die uiteindelijk als geldig zouden worden geaccepteerd. Door het antisemitisme aan te halen dat aldus in de bevolking was geprovoceerd, verzocht de inquisitie de kroon om ‘passende’ maatregelen te treffen. Het voorstel om alle joden uit Spanje te verdrijven komt regelrecht van de inquisitie. De tekst waarin dit voorstel wordt gedaan, wordt door een historicus beschreven als ‘een barbaars document’ dat ‘riekt naar het kwaadaardige antisemitisme’.
Koning Ferdinand zag in dat de vervolging van joden en ‘conversos’ uiteindelijk kwalijke economische gevolgen voor het land zou hebben. Niettemin konden noch hij noch koningin Isabella weerstand bieden aan de gezamenlijke druk van de inquisitie en de gevoelens die deze bij het volk had aangewakkerd. In een brief aan zijn invloedrijkste edellieden en hovelingen schreef de koning het volgende:
Het heilige ambt van de inquisitie heeft gezien hoe sommige christenen gevaar lopen
door hun contact en communicatie met de joden en heeft er daarom voor gezorgd dat
de joden uit al onze gebieden en territoria verdreven worden en zij heeft ons
overgehaald om onze steun te verlenen en hierin toe te stemmen…wij doen dit
ondanks de grote schade die we hiermee onszelf toebrengen, omdat we streven naar
en de voorkeur geven aan de verlossing van onze ziel boven ons gewin.
Op 1 januari 1483 kondigden de monarchen ter bevrediging van de inquisitie aan dat alle joden die in het gebied van Andalusië woonden, verdreven moesten worden. Op 12 mei 1486 werden alle joden uit grote delen van Aragon verdreven, maar een algehele verdrijving moest nog worden uitgesteld omdat geld en andere vormen van steun van de joden en ‘conversos’ dringend nodig waren om de veldtocht tegen de moslims te kunnen blijven volhouden. De moslims waren ondertussen teruggedrongen in hun steeds verder krimpende koninkrijk Granada.
Er is bewijs dat er een geheime ‘deal’ tussen Torquemada, als representant van de inquisitie, en de Spaanse kroon werd gesloten. Torquemada leek te hebben geaccepteerd dat de kroon wachtte met het verdrijven van alle joden uit Spanje totdat het moslim-koninkrijk Granada definitief was veroverd. Met andere woorden, de joden zouden niet afgeslacht worden in bepaalde gebieden totdat zij en hun rijkdommen niet meer nodig waren. Ondertussen bereidde de inquisitie voor wat later berucht zou worden als ‘het heilige kind van La Guardia’ – een verzinsel, zo grof dat het door Hitler of Stalin in onze tijd bedacht had kunnen zijn.
Op 14 november 1491, twee weken voor de val van Granada, werden vijf joden en zes ‘conversos’ op de brandstapel gezet in Avila. Ze waren schuldig bevonden aan het ontheiligen van de hostie en tevens van het kruisigen van een christelijk kind wiens hart ze eruit zouden hebben gerukt. Het doel van deze gruwelijke oefening zou de uitvoering van een magisch ritueel geweest zijn om de macht van de inquisitie te neutraliseren en om alle christenen ‘stapelgek naar hun dood’ te laten sturen. De inquisitie maakte deze zaak op fanatieke wijze openbaar in elke stad van Castilië en Aragon en dreef daarmee de antisemitische waanzin tot een hoogtepunt.
Veertien dagen later capituleerde Granada waarmee het laatste islamitische bastion was gevallen. Drie maanden daarna, in maart van het jaar daarop, moesten alle joden in Spanje zich volgens een koninklijk edict bekeren of anders zouden ze verdreven worden. Zij die geen van beide deden, werden een gemakkelijke prooi voor de inquisitie. Zoals Carlos Fuentes al heeft gezegd, verbande Spanje in 1492 de sensualiteit met de moren, de intelligentie met de joden en werd het land voor de daaropvolgende vijf eeuwen steriel.
Zelfs nog voor de uiteindelijke verdrijving waren joden en ‘conversos’ ten prooi gevallen aan de inquisitie in veel groter getale dan de ketters. Na 1492 werd de vervolging alleen nog maar erger, versterkt door een nieuwe schijn van rechtvaardigheid. Van alle gevallen die door een nieuwe schijn van rechtvaardigheid. Van alle gevallen die door de inquisitie in Barcelona tussen 1488 en 1505 zijn behandeld, was 99,3 procent joods of conversos’. Joden en ‘conversos’ maakten 91,6 procent uit van alle gevallen die tussen 1484 en 1530 door de inquisitie in Valencia behandeld werden. Een historicus merkt op:
Het tribunaal, met andere woorden, was niet met ketterij in het algemeen bezig, maar
slechts met één religieuze afwijking: de kennelijk geheime praktijk van joodse
rituelen.
Princeton Senior Finds Error in European Supercollider
LHC Supercollider
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29 Maart 2009 | 18:10:42
Princeton undergraduate Xiaohang Quan was working on her senior thesis when she found a miscalculation in the hardware of the world's largest particle accelerator.
Quan, a physics concentrator, traveled to Geneva, Switzerland, in mid-March with Princeton physics professors Christopher Tully, Jim Olsen and Daniel Marlow for the annual meeting of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
This year, however, they also came to discuss Quan's discovery with the designers of the hardware for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, which, as part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), has the potential to revolutionize particle physics.
In the hardware used to record and capture events in the LHC, she discovered errors that were leading to the appearances of double images because of particle streams known as jets.
Quan's thesis focuses on the various jet selection criteria for the LHC and finding which algorithms will be most efficient for analysis of the physics.
She has worked with Tully over the past few years and said she was surprised when she discovered a discrepancy between her predictions and results when drawing her initial plots.
"If further analysis related to this discovery goes well, I think it will show physicists the right jet selection criteria to use," Quan said. "It will save much time and trouble for people, I hope."
Tully, Quan's thesis adviser, presented the errors they found in the calculations during a video conference with scientists from CERN two weeks ago.
"We came to CERN [last week] to discuss with the designers of the hardware how to put glasses on our algorithms so as to remove these double images," Tully explained.
Quan added that many physicists at the conference said they were surprised to learn she is only a college senior.
"I think people would normally assume that I am a physics graduate student, so they were kind of surprised to learn that I am in fact an undergraduate," she said.
The LHC is an accelerator located in a circular 17-mile tunnel more than 100 meters below the border of France and Switzerland.
There are four main particle detectors located around the ring, in which beams of protons or heavy ions intersect and in which protons are smashed against one another at almost the speed of light.
The experiments are meant to recreate conditions that existed a fraction of a second after the Big Bang.
The LHC, which cost more than $4 billion to build, was functional for a total of 10 days last September before damage to several superconducting magnets led to its temporary shutdown. It is expected to be operational again this September.
"Once it begins operating [again], the energy frontier will be an order of magnitude beyond what any accelerator has been able to achieve so far, and it will be able to collide beams at an unprecedented intensity," Tully said.
The CERN meeting culminated with the closely contested election of a spokesman, University of Pisa physics professor Guido Tonelli, for the CMS experiment.
Tully explained that Tonelli could win a Nobel Prize on behalf of the organization if its role is central to a discovery deserving of the prize.
The search for the origin of mass in the Universe
The CMS experiment, the project the university high-energy physics group is most involved with, is an experiment within the LHC that may detect dark-matter particles. It is also expected to aid in verifying the existence of the Higgs boson.
The Higgs boson is the only unobserved particle in the standard model of particle physics. This particle has often been labeled the "God particle" in popular culture for the expectation that its discovery will yield many of the answers to the origin of the universe.
Tully has worked since 1989 on the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP), the forerunner of the LHC which was optimal for studying the importance of the electromagnetic and weak forces.
These forces, he said, are "intimately related" to the origin of mass.
He said he realized that understanding the origin of mass involved the search for the Higgs boson, the discovery of which could shed further light on the composition of all of the matter in the universe.
"We don't know what 70 percent of the universe is made of, and that's not 70 percent somewhere else," Tully said. "We are living in what we don't understand."
Tully was named head of the Higgs boson search team at LEP in 2000.
Under his direction, the group began focusing in on masses around 114 times that of the proton for the mass of the Higgs boson, allowing the group to focus its experiments and narrow the mass range at which the Higgs could be located.
Because of the LEP shutdown in November 2000 to make way for the installation of the LHC in the same tunnel, Tully said that the Tevatron collider in Illinois is "next up at bat" to discover the Higgs boson.
He joined the Tevatron collider team studying the sensitivity of the Higgs boson in 2002, and several of his Ph.D. students from the university are currently leading the team.
If the Tevatron experiments are successful, though, they will not be on the same scale as what the LHC may discover, since those experiments are conducted at significantly lower energies.
Tully added that he expected to travel to CERN, which he described as the "world cafe of particle physics," at least once per month and would be spending a large part of this summer there to prepare the CMS experiment.
Princeton undergraduate Peter Toshev and graduate students Tatiana Medvedeva, Edmund Berry, Andrzej Zuranski and Adam Hunt will be joining him.
"All eyes are on the LHC right now, so I am looking forward to working in an environment where the level of excitement around the research will be high," Toshev, who will be the only Princeton undergraduate at CERN this summer, said in an e-mail. "This highlights a great part of Princeton — the high level of interaction of undergraduates with people at the top of their field."
This story was filed by UWIRE, which offers reporting from more than 800 colleges and universities worldwide. Read more at www.uwire.com.
LHC Group profit surges on home care purchases
LHC Supercollider
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29 Maart 2009 | 18:09:03
Home nursing provider LHC Group Inc. said Tuesday its profit jumped nearly fourfold in the last quarter of 2008, as recent acquisitions boosted its home-based care revenue.
LHC said net income available to common shareholders rose to $10.5 million, or 58 cents per share, from $2.7 million, or 15 cents per share, a year earlier. Revenue increased 37 percent to $111.5 million from $81.2 million. Most of the gains came from greater home-based revenue.
Excluding a loss from discontinued operations, the company reported a profit of 60 cents per share.
Analysts expected a profit of 45 cents per share and $102.1 million in revenue, according to Thomson Reuters. LHC also raised its expectations for 2009, and in aftermarket trading its shares surged $1.98, or 10.9 percent, to $20.20. In the regular session, LHC shares advanced $1.22, or 7.2 percent, from a close of $18.22.
LHC had 206 home health locations and 19 hospice locations at the end of 2008, compared with 144 and 9, respectively, at the end of 2007. Its home-based revenue jumped to $96.7 million from $67.8 million in the fourth quarter.
In 2008, LHC's profit available to common shareholders climbed 53 percent to $30.2 million from $19.8 million.
successful 'Iron Dome' tests
Middle East War
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28 Maart 2009 | 10:14:02
Israel runs successful 'Iron Dome' tests
The Iron Dome anti-rocket shield passed a critical test in the past 48 hours, the Defense Ministry said on Thursday evening, in a message that will be welcomed by residents of the rocket-battered western Negev.
During the test, a number of rockets were launched, "of the same type that were fired in recent years at Israel," and the Iron Dome system responded "accordingly," the Defense Ministry said, using terminology indicating a successful interception of the projectiles.
The Iron Dome system is slated to defend southern and northern Israel from Hamas and Hizbullah rockets, and be a key component in a multi-layered missile defense system that includes the Arrow anti-ballistic missile shield.
Iron Dome is being developed by the Defense Ministry's Administration for the Development of Weapons and the Technological Industry (Maf'at) in conjunction with Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
Sources in the ministry expressed satisfaction with the test, describing it as a "milestone" and adding that the trial had verified simulations and research work.
Pinchas Buchris, director-general of the Defense Ministry, congratulated Iron Dome engineers on the successful test, and said that accelerated work would enable its installation in the near future.
Defense Minister Ehud Barak said the development of a multi-layered missile defense system was a "national mission aimed at reaching the stage in which a clear majority of missiles do not reach their targets."
Earlier this month, Danny Gold, head of Research and Development at Maf'at, said work on the Iron Dome had reached its "final stage" and was running "ahead of schedule."
"This system can be developed in a fifth of the time it would take to develop other systems, and at a tenth of the cost," Gold said. "It is the cheapest system in the world."
Mystery Lights Over The Midlands
Ufo News
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15 Maart 2009 | 11:07:59
Saturday, December 20, 2008
Mystery Lights Over The Midlands
A "spectacular" display of dozens of UFOs has been reported in the skies over the West Midlands.
Eyewitnesses told Sky News that up to 70 bright circular objects could be seen near Halesowen.
Stunned residents watched in disbelief, convinced they were viewing an extra-terrestrial spectacle.
Each object was encircled with lights and had lights in the middle, according to witness Steven Randall who lives in Halesowen with is wife and three children.
He said: "This was incredible and so spectacular. The lights seem to climb into the sky to the north of us, just before 8pm last night.
"A neighbour had shouted for us to come and look. There were so many objects. From a distance they looked like bubbles rising in a fizzy drink.
The objects were absolutely silent and travelling at probably twice the speed of a normal aircraft.
"Then they came towards us and flew right over the top. Some were so close they were almost touching and were only a hundred feet or so above us.
"The objects were absolutely silent and travelling at probably twice the speed of a normal aircraft.
"They were all circular and had 13 to 15 lights around the rim. Each had lights in the centre which were flashing on and off. They went south at a terrific speed."
Birmingham International airport is to the east of the sightings, but according to Mr Randall, the flight path comes nowhere near the houses.
"Aircraft are not allowed to fly over this area. We regularly see air traffic in the distance and I can assure you that this was something very different," he said.
Air traffic control at Birmingham International airport had nothing on their radar to suggest anything out of the ordinary.
A "spectacular" display of dozens of UFOs has been reported in the skies over the West Midlands.Eyewitnesses told Sky News that up to 70 bright circular objects could be seen near Halesowen.Stunned residents watched in disbelief, convinced they were viewing an extra-terrestrial spectacle.Each object was encircled with lights and had lights in the middle, according to witness Steven Randall who lives in Halesowen with is wife and three children.He said: "This was incredible and so spectacular. The lights seem to climb into the sky to the north of us, just before 8pm last night."A neighbour had shouted for us to come and look. There were so many objects. From a distance they looked like bubbles rising in a fizzy drink.The objects were absolutely silent and travelling at probably twice the speed of a normal aircraft."Then they came towards us and flew right over the top. Some were so close they were almost touching and were only a hundred feet or so above us."The objects were absolutely silent and travelling at probably twice the speed of a normal aircraft."They were all circular and had 13 to 15 lights around the rim. Each had lights in the centre which were flashing on and off. They went south at a terrific speed."Birmingham International airport is to the east of the sightings, but according to Mr Randall, the flight path comes nowhere near the houses."Aircraft are not allowed to fly over this area. We regularly see air traffic in the distance and I can assure you that this was something very different," he said.Air traffic control at Birmingham International airport had nothing on their radar to suggest anything out of the ordinary. | Link to External Source Article
Danish UFO files released
Ufo News
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15 Maart 2009 | 11:07:16
Danish UFO files released
The Danish Air Force has followed the example of the US and UK and declassified secret archives on UFO sightings occurring over the last 25 yearsAt just 329 pages the newly-released ‘X-Files’, detailing previously secret unexplained UFO sightings in Denmark, might...
At just 329 pages the newly-released ‘X-Files’, detailing previously secret unexplained UFO sightings in Denmark, might not at first glance seem to offer much in the way of sustenance for the legions of hopeful stargazers out there. But detailed within the slender volume are over 200 unsolved UFO sightings which provide plenty of food for thought for the old question: are we alone?
One of the unsolved cases concerns an incident that happened on Funen in 1982. A 15-year-old boy was cycling through the countryside early in the morning one summer’s day when he noticed something unusual in a field. Dismounting his bike, he walked towards what appeared to be a large, brightly-lit object that resembled two discs placed on top of one another. Intrigued, the boy walked closer and was amazed to see five humanoid figures next to the object.
The files state that the figures were about 60cm tall, and had large heads and chests in relation to their puny legs. Whether the boy was making it up or not we can't be sure, but his story is one of the more detailed examples contained in the dossier.
‘We decided to publish the archives because frankly there is nothing really secret in them,’ says Thomas Pedersen, a captain in the Danish Air Force who said they had become tired of journalists requesting to see them. ‘The Air Force has no interest in keeping unusual sightings a secret. Our job is to maintain national security, not investigate UFOs.’
The archives cover unexplained events occurring between 1978 and 2002. The files reveal that most cases have never been solved, but also that many are precise and detailed enough to be explained by other phenomena. Military aircraft, weather balloons, bright planets and, in particular, Chinese lanterns can explain away the bulk of reports by worried observers. After 2002 the job of chronicling UFO sightings was taken over by the group Scandinavian UFO Information (SUFOI).
But not all sightings can be readily explained. In August 1991 two police officers on a night patrol in the northern Copenhagen suburb of Ordrup had an unusual experience. Sitting in their patrol car at 2:30am they suddenly saw a strange object hovering about 75-150 metres in the air above the car. The officers thought it looked like the underside of an airplane and they noticed that their communication systems had ceased to function. Intrigued, the officers followed it as it moved slowly away, eventually disappearing behind some tall trees a few minutes later.
The Danish Air Force has followed the example of the US and UK and declassified secret archives on UFO sightings occurring over the last 25 yearsAt just 329 pages the newly-released ‘X-Files’, detailing previously secret unexplained UFO sightings in Denmark, might...At just 329 pages the newly-released ‘X-Files’, detailing previously secret unexplained UFO sightings in Denmark, might not at first glance seem to offer much in the way of sustenance for the legions of hopeful stargazers out there. But detailed within the slender volume are over 200 unsolved UFO sightings which provide plenty of food for thought for the old question: are we alone?One of the unsolved cases concerns an incident that happened on Funen in 1982. A 15-year-old boy was cycling through the countryside early in the morning one summer’s day when he noticed something unusual in a field. Dismounting his bike, he walked towards what appeared to be a large, brightly-lit object that resembled two discs placed on top of one another. Intrigued, the boy walked closer and was amazed to see five humanoid figures next to the object.The files state that the figures were about 60cm tall, and had large heads and chests in relation to their puny legs. Whether the boy was making it up or not we can't be sure, but his story is one of the more detailed examples contained in the dossier.‘We decided to publish the archives because frankly there is nothing really secret in them,’ says Thomas Pedersen, a captain in the Danish Air Force who said they had become tired of journalists requesting to see them. ‘The Air Force has no interest in keeping unusual sightings a secret. Our job is to maintain national security, not investigate UFOs.’The archives cover unexplained events occurring between 1978 and 2002. The files reveal that most cases have never been solved, but also that many are precise and detailed enough to be explained by other phenomena. Military aircraft, weather balloons, bright planets and, in particular, Chinese lanterns can explain away the bulk of reports by worried observers. After 2002 the job of chronicling UFO sightings was taken over by the group Scandinavian UFO Information (SUFOI).But not all sightings can be readily explained. In August 1991 two police officers on a night patrol in the northern Copenhagen suburb of Ordrup had an unusual experience. Sitting in their patrol car at 2:30am they suddenly saw a strange object hovering about 75-150 metres in the air above the car. The officers thought it looked like the underside of an airplane and they noticed that their communication systems had ceased to function. Intrigued, the officers followed it as it moved slowly away, eventually disappearing behind some tall trees a few minutes later. | Link to External Source Article
UFO incident involving Air Force
Ufo News
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15 Maart 2009 | 11:06:39
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Greece: Amazing UFO incident involving Air Force and airline
A remarkable UFO incident that occurred in the skies over Athens over a year ago but was kept secret by the Greek Aviation Authority and the Greek Air Force has recently come to light and is receiving extensive media coverage in Greece.
On 11 November 2007 at 3:20am the captain of Olympic Airways flight 266 from Athens to London noticed an extremely unusual object moving erratically to the west of Athens. The object was somewhat star like in appearance however much brighter and larger with a constantly shifting shape.
Meanwhile the captains of Olympic Airways flights 730 to Kos and 700 to Rhodes reported the same thing. The sighting was then confirmed by Athens Airport control tower, whose employees observed the object moving towards Karystos, a small town on the Greek island of Euboea. At this point the Greek Air Force was contacted.
The Greek Air Force confirmed that they too were visually monitoring the object from their radar station at the top of Parintha Mountain near Athens and had observed that it was travelling at incredible speed and did not fit the description of any terrestrial craft. The staff at the Air Force radar station later described the UFO as large, of an unusual shape and very bright. Air force staff were requested to photograph the craft and did so (no pictures have come to light yet).
At this point two F-16’s were sent up too intercept the UFO, while the various control towers monitored the object from earth. The object then shot off at incredible speed skyward and the Jets failed to indentify anything. While both staff at the Athens Airport and the Parintha Mountain Air Force Radar Unit confirmed that they clearly observed the object their radars picked up nothing.
Below is the recording and an unconfirmed translation of the pilots conversation with the airport control tower as well as the aviation authority document:
Narrator: Nov 11th 2007, Flight 266 London to Athens, during the flight the Olympic Airways pilot communicates with flight control at Eleftherios Venizelos airport (Athens International), listen to the conversation:
Pilot: Olympic 266, tower are you receiving me?
Tower: Go ahead
Pilot: Is another airplane flying near me?
Tower: Negative, why?
Pilot: I see on my right, at approximately the same altitude, an unknown target flying from the South to the East
Tower: No, there's nothing there, is it bothering you (in your way)?
Pilot: For the moment no, but its altitude and heading are not stable.
Tower: What exactly do you mean because I have no target on radar.
Pilot: It is increasing speed and its headings are erratic.
Tower: Olympic, continue on your present heading and altitude according to plan and we are staying in contact.
A remarkable UFO incident that occurred in the skies over Athens over a year ago but was kept secret by the Greek Aviation Authority and the Greek Air Force has recently come to light and is receiving extensive media coverage in Greece. On 11 November 2007 at 3:20am the captain of Olympic Airways flight 266 from Athens to London noticed an extremely unusual object moving erratically to the west of Athens. The object was somewhat star like in appearance however much brighter and larger with a constantly shifting shape.Meanwhile the captains of Olympic Airways flights 730 to Kos and 700 to Rhodes reported the same thing. The sighting was then confirmed by Athens Airport control tower, whose employees observed the object moving towards Karystos, a small town on the Greek island of Euboea. At this point the Greek Air Force was contacted.The Greek Air Force confirmed that they too were visually monitoring the object from their radar station at the top of Parintha Mountain near Athens and had observed that it was travelling at incredible speed and did not fit the description of any terrestrial craft. The staff at the Air Force radar station later described the UFO as large, of an unusual shape and very bright. Air force staff were requested to photograph the craft and did so (no pictures have come to light yet).At this point two F-16’s were sent up too intercept the UFO, while the various control towers monitored the object from earth. The object then shot off at incredible speed skyward and the Jets failed to indentify anything. While both staff at the Athens Airport and the Parintha Mountain Air Force Radar Unit confirmed that they clearly observed the object their radars picked up nothing.Below is the recording and an unconfirmed translation of the pilots conversation with the airport control tower as well as the aviation authority document:Narrator: Nov 11th 2007, Flight 266 London to Athens, during the flight the Olympic Airways pilot communicates with flight control at Eleftherios Venizelos airport (Athens International), listen to the conversation:Pilot: Olympic 266, tower are you receiving me?Tower: Go aheadPilot: Is another airplane flying near me?Tower: Negative, why?Pilot: I see on my right, at approximately the same altitude, an unknown target flying from the South to the EastTower: No, there's nothing there, is it bothering you (in your way)?Pilot: For the moment no, but its altitude and heading are not stable.Tower: What exactly do you mean because I have no target on radar.Pilot: It is increasing speed and its headings are erratic.Tower: Olympic, continue on your present heading and altitude according to plan and we are staying in contact.
| Link to External Source Article
Wat speelt er nu op Aarde?
Corrupt Nederland
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15 Maart 2009 | 10:57:46
Wat speelt er nu op Aarde?
Door Johan Oldenkamp
Het doel van de zogenaamde kredietcrisis is om onze economie te ontwrichten, en daarmee onze samenleving. Dit alles wordt doelbewust gedaan, door dezelfde krachten die ook de crisis in de jaren 30 van de vorige eeuw hebben gecreëerd.
Ook nu zal er vervolgens een oorlogszuchtige Führer opstaan, precies volgens het plan van de verborgen machthebbers onder de paraplu van de Illuminati, om ons zo onze laatste pijnlijke lessen te laten leren.
De doelbewuste vernielers hebben zo al hun ‘wapens’ ingezet. We zijn verslaafd gemaakt aan geld door deze steeds minder waard te laten worden (via doelbewuste inflatie) en door zoveel geld als mogelijk weer van ons af te pakken (via belastingen, boetes en veel te hoge prijzen en premies). We zitten inmiddels volkomen klem en kunnen geen kant meer op. Energie voor andere dingen dan alles waartoe we min of meer verplicht zijn is er nauwelijks meer. En dat is nou ook precies de bedoeling. Betekenisloze slaven, zo zien deze glibberige machthebbers ons, volledig gevangen in een web van schulden, verplichtingen en bangmakerij.
Alle verdere kleine beetjes helpen. Zo zullen de ziektezorgverzekeringen vanaf 2010 alleen nog vergoedingen betalen voor behandelingen die de belangen dienen van de farmaceutische maffia. Alle overige behandelingen, die dus niet opzettelijk ons gezondheidsbevorderende immuunsysteem kapot proberen te maken, mogen we dan uit eigen zak betalen, bovenop de huizenhoge premie voor de verplichte gifpillenverzekering.
Alle officiële systemen in onze samenleving deugen van geen kant. In onze maatschappij draait alles om geld, met een steeds grotere innerlijke leegte en eenzaamheid als gevolg. Onze ‘gezondheidszorg’ zorgt voor steeds meer ziekte. Onze berichtgeving staat bol van de leugens, geheimhoudingen en verdraaiingen. Ons onderwijs is bedoeld om via hersenspoeling eenheidsworst af te leveren, en alle prachtige kinderen met hun unieke talenten die daar niet goed in passen krijgen stempels opgeplakt als PDD-NOS, ADHD, autisme, dyslectie of dyscalculie. Onze wetenschappen hangen van fraude en onbegrip aan elkaar. Onze technologie beschadigt Moeder Aarde in steeds ernstiger mate, evenals alles wat op, in of om haar leeft. Onze misleidende religies maken mensen bang en zorgen voor verdeeldheid, terwijl zuivere spiritualiteit via onvoorwaardelijke Liefde zorgt voor eenheid. Ons geluid is niet zuiver (432 Hz) en zorgt voor steeds meer mensen voor overlast. We leven in een schijndemocratie waarin volksvertegenwoordigers vooral met zichzelf en elkaar bezig zijn.
Onze lucht – onze eerste levensbehoefte – wordt steeds vuiler en zit steeds voller met levensgevaarlijke elektromagnetische straling (niet alleen door alles wat draadloos is, maar ook door spaarlampen, magnetrons en flatscreens). En daarbovenop worden we opzettelijk besproeid met giftige chemicaliën (chemtrails) en daalt het zuurstofgehalte steeds verder naar de voor ons dodelijke ondergrens. Verder zit ons eten en drinken dat we in de gewone supermarkten kopen boordevol schadelijke E-nummers.
Er lijkt geen einde te komen al alle middelen die de glibberige machthebbers hebben bedacht om ons bewustzijn laag te houden en zomogelijk nog verder omlaag te brengen. Want dat is nou precies het doel achter al deze zaken. Alles hebben ze daartoe uit de kast gehaald, zoals ook de verdovende- of stimulerende middelen als alcohol, nicotine, cafeïne, theïne en alle overige hard- en soft drugs. Maar we zijn er nog niet, want wat dacht u van het aanwakkeren van behoeftes aan bijvoorbeeld onnatuurlijke seks, gokken, verspilling en vervuiling? We komen inmiddels om in ego-kietelende programma’s, bladen en trends, die met steeds hetzelfde bewustzijnsverlagende doel zijn gerealiseerd.
Dankzij onze machtslustige vrienden zijn we als mensheid volkomen de weg kwijtgeraakt. We mogen daarom nu laten zien wat we echt waard zijn. Drijven we nog langer onbewust mee in de slaapstroom? Of besluiten we om nu wakker te worden en op te staan?
Israel devastated Gaza strip
Middle East War
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15 Maart 2009 | 10:49:15
Israel has devastated the Gaza strip, destroying homes and factories along with much of the civilian infrastructure
*** The Israeli regime practices state censorship internally, and does its best to deceive the rest of the world and prevent you from hearing the truth by barring foreign journalists from Gaza. ***
Donald Macintyre: An assault on the peace process
Israel devastated the Strip's production capacity as well as destroying homes
Israeli forces used aerial bombing, tank shelling and armoured bulldozers to eliminate the productive capacity of some of Gaza's most important manufacturing plants during their 22 days of military action in the Gaza Strip. The attacks � like those which destroyed at least 4,000 homes, left some residential areas resembling an earthquake zone and more than 50,000 people in temporary shelters at their peak � destroyed or severely damaged 219 factories, Palestinian industrialists say.
Leaders of Gaza's business community � who have long stayed aloof from the different Palestinian political factions � say that much of the 3 per cent of industry still operating after the 18-month shutdown caused by Israel's economic siege has now been destroyed.
Chris Gunness, chief spokesman for the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), said that widespread destruction of "civilian economic infrastructure" was a strike "at the heart of the peace process" because "economic stability is an essential component of a durable peace."
While the main impact of the destruction is likely to be on the already politically fraught prospects of medium to long-term reconstruction in Gaza, it it is unlikely to make efforts to help its many stricken and displaced residents any easier. It is those humanitarian relief efforts for which the main British aid agencies are appealing for help in the advertisement so far barred by the BBC. Meanwhile, the UNRWA is separately pressing donors for $345m for immediate repairs to homes still standing and to its own damaged premises.
The destroyed factories include: Alweyda, the biggest Palestinian food-processing plant and the only one still operating in Gaza until the war; Abu Eida, the largest, and now flattened, ready-mixed concrete producer; and the 89-year-old Al Badr flour mills, which have the biggest storage facilities anywhere in the Strip. The owners of all three said yesterday they were proud of their close and long-standing contact with Israeli partner firms and suppliers. Dr Yaser Alweyda, owner and engineering director of the demolished food-processing plant, estimated the total damage to his plant at $22.5m and accused Israel of wanting "to destroy the weak Palestinian economy". He added: "They want to ensure that we will never have a state in Palestine."
Tawfiq Abu Eida, the owner of the concrete factory, said he had been preparing just before the war to supply the Beit Lahiya sewage works, a key project of the Middle East envoy Tony Blair.
The air and ground strikes have compounded the impact of the trade embargo, which Israel imposed in June 2007 after Hamas's enforced takeover of the Strip. Amr Hamad, the executive manager of the Palestinian Federation of Industries, said: "What they were not able to reach by the blockade, they have reached with their bulldozers." He added: "Businessmen are not connected at all to Hamas and are very pragmatic and open-minded.
"They are the the last layer in Palestinian society who believe in peace and the importance of the economy. They also believe that the only economic link should be with Israel," Mr Hamad said.
The Israeli Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, told his cabinet that with "typical moral acrobatics", the "terrorist organisations" were trying to lay the blame on Israel, and that "the State of Israel did everything in order to avoid hitting civilians." Israel would ensure that soldiers and officers who took part in the operation would be safe from any tribunals investigating them, he said.
At the Al Badr mills in Sudaniya, north of Gaza City, owner Rashed Hamada, 55, said his company had been making flour for bakeries right up until the attack on 10 January. He strongly denied that his compound, which was locked at night and had a security guard, had been used by Hamas gunmen, and said it was clear the production line itself had been the target.
"It seems that the father of the commander had owned a flour mill," he commented ironically. "He knew exactly where to hit. The Israelis ... used to encourage me to expand production here. Now they have destroyed it. I don't understand why."
Standing beside mangled and incinerated refrigeration vans and the burned-out ruins of his food factory and warehouses, located for ease of access to Israel between the eastern Gaza City district of Shajaia and the border 650 metres away, Dr Alweyda said that, as well as the production lines, 26 vehicles had been destroyed. The company, sole Gaza agent for Tnuva, an Israeli milk-products company, had managed to keep biscuit production going up until the outbreak of war. The Israeli military said yesterday that it was still investigating allegations of civilian casualties and property damage but that it "does not target civilians or civilian infrastructure, including factories, unless it is being used by Hamas for terrorist purposes."
But Amr Hamad said that he believed the two purposes of the strikes was to make Gaza's economy dependent on Israel's, and to stimulate popular pressure on Hamas to agree to certain compromises as a precondition to a reopening of the crossings � such as allowing the Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority control of the crossings and also the release of Israeli corporal Gilad Shalit, abducted two-and-a-half years ago by Hamas and other militants.
Tony Blair receives $1,000,000 reward from a Jewish/Zionist organisation in Israel
*** Tony blaid has been given a million dollar award for "leadership" by a political organisation in Israel. Mr Blair made a career out of attacking the enemies of Israel, sending his country into more wars than any prime minister ever before in history as the UK joined the US in fighting the perceived enemies of Israel both militarily and politically, advantaging the Zionist cause. Blair also committed Britain to the "war on terror in which Muslims and Islam are the potential or actual enemies, again demonising the perceived enemies of Zionism. ***
Tony Blair wins million-dollar prize for global leadership
Former PM given Dan David award for his determination to find solutions to areas in conflict
Tony Blair has won a prestigious million-dollar (�697,000) prize for his leadership on the world stage, it was announced today.
The former prime minister, now a Middle East peace envoy, will receive the Dan David prize for "his exceptional leadership and steadfast determination in helping to engineer agreements and forge lasting solutions to areas in conflict".
The award is presented by the Dan David Foundation, based at Tel Aviv University, and a spokesman for Blair said the money would be donated to the former Labour leader's charity for religious understanding, the Tony Blair Faith Foundation.
Blair is an envoy of the international Quartet on the Middle East peace process, which comprises the US, EU, UN and Russia.
His entry as a Dan David laureate on the prize's website hails him as "one of the most outstanding statesmen of our era".
It praises his role in the Northern Ireland peace process and his "steadfast determination and morally courageous leadership" over Kosovo.
But there is no mention of the divisive decision to support the US-led invasion of Iraq.
Instead, the citation states: "Early in his prime ministership, he came to two beliefs that guide him to today: first, that it is a mistake for the world to wait for America to solve all of the tough questions, and second, that there are some things a state may do within its borders that justify intervention even if the actions do not directly threaten another nation's interests."
A condition of the award is that 10% of the prize money is used to fund graduate students in the winner's field.
A spokesman for the former prime minister's office confirmed that the rest of the money would be donated to the Faith Foundation.
Three Dan David prizes are awarded every year, in past, present and future categories.
Blair has won the present award, and follows in the footsteps of former US vice-president and environmental campaigner Al Gore, who won last year's prize.
The award will be presented in a ceremony on 17 May at Tel Aviv University.
UK Governement uses Terrorism
Worldwide Terrorism
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15 Maart 2009 | 10:47:01
Former MI5 chief accuses UK government of using 'terrorism' to control the public through fear
Ministers 'using fear of terror'
A former head of MI5 has accused the government of exploiting the fear of terrorism to restrict civil liberties.
Dame Stella Rimington, 73, said people in Britain felt as if they were living "under a police state" because of the fear being spread by ministers.
In an interview with Spanish newspaper La Vanguardia and published in the Daily Telegraph, she also attacks the approach taken by the United States.
"The US has gone too far with Guantanamo and the tortures," she said.
"MI5 does not do that. Furthermore it has achieved the opposite effect - there are more and more suicide terrorists finding a greater justification."
She said the British security services were "no angels," but they did not kill people.
Dame Stella, who stood down as the director general of the security service in 1996, has previously been critical of the government's policies, including its attempts to extend pre-charge detention for terror suspects to 42 days and the controversial plan to introduce ID cards.
"It would be better that the government recognised that there are risks, rather than frightening people in order to be able to pass laws which restrict civil liberties, precisely one of the objects of terrorism - that we live in fear and under a police state," she said.
Dame Stella's comments come as a study is published by the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) that accuses the US and the UK of undermining the framework of international law.
'Take stock'
Former Irish president Mary Robinson, the president of the ICJ said: "Seven years after 9/11 it is time to take stock and to repeal abusive laws and policies enacted in recent years.
"Human rights and international humanitarian law provide a strong and flexible framework to address terrorist threats."
The Conservatives said the government's push to extend the detention time limit for terror suspects was the kind of measure condemned by the report.
Shadow security minister Baroness Neville-Jones said: "The Conservative Party is committed to ensuring that security measures are proportionate and adhere to the rule of law."
Liberal Democrat foreign affairs spokesman Ed Davey said: "This is damning testament to just how much liberty has been ineffectually sacrificed in the 'war on terror'."
Dame Stella became the first female head of MI5 in 1992.
Zionist MP admits Israeli regime is like the Nazis under Hitler
Middle East War
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04 Februari 2009 | 20:13:02
Jewish MP says Israeli soldiers are like Nazis
A Jewish MP has compared Israeli troops in Gaza to the Nazis who forced his family to flee Poland.
Sir Gerald Kaufman said the Israeli government was 'ruthlessly and cynically' exploiting the guilt over the Holocaust as justification for the assault on Gaza.
'My grandmother was ill in bed when the Nazis came to her home town... a German soldier shot her dead in her bed,' he told MPs. 'My grandmother did not die to provide cover for Israeli soldiers murdering Palestinian grandmothers in Gaza.'
His comments came as a UN compound filled with refugees was hit by Israeli shells, injuring three workers.
Sir Gerald, who was raised as an orthodox Jew and Zionist, insisted that Hamas was a 'deeply nasty organisation' but said Israel could not just refuse to talk to it.
But Israeli embassy spokesman Lior Ben Dor said: 'Many of the soldiers who are now defending the state of Israel in Gaza also had grandmothers who suffered at the hands of the Nazis.
'The soldiers are fighting so when they are grandparents they will not be subjected to cruel enemies like Gerald Kaufman's grandmother was.'
The attack on the UN compound caused a 'massive explosion', set fuel in the compound on fire, destroyed tons of humanitarian supplies and forced hundreds of refugees to flee.
UN spokesman Chris Gunness said the shells contained prohibited white phosphorus as it was impossible to put out the flames by conventional means.
Israel prime minister Ehud Olmert said troops had come under fire from militants in the compound but that was dismissed by UN official John Ging as 'nonsense'.
CIA Holocaust Claims 20 Million Victims
CIA Conspiracy
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29 Januari 2009 | 08:59:25
by LEN HART (THE EXISTENTIALIST COWBOY)
(Mar 8, 2008) The world's number one terrorist organization, the CIA has committed heinous acts of terrorism abroad, murdering critics of US foreign and domestic policies and has done it on behalf of an increasing tiny, privileged American elite.
This elite is a tiny one percent which owns more than the combined wealth the remaining 95% [See: the L-Curve]. On behalf of this tiny, privileged base, the CIA has placed itself above all law and supervision.
The CIA's war on the world has claimed an estimated 12 million to 20 million victims, far more than the best estimates attributed to Adolph Hitler's 'Holocaust' of World War II.
A war of plunder waged by the CIA on much of the world has been called the Third World War because many of its victims are chauvinistically, imperialistically, termed "third world".
Given the magnitude of these CIA atrocities, we may, indeed, consider this panoply of terrorist acts a world war waged by privilege upon those who are less privileged, a war waged by the rich on the poor, a war of aggression by those who have against those who are without.
The official history of the CIA is dull reading. But one would not expect an official document of the US government to reveal the early connections between
the CIA and Yale's notorious Skull and Bones society; one would not expect the US government to reveal the nature of CIA backed coups in Chile to its role in the notorious Bay of Pigs debacle.
One would not expect an official document to detail the role played by
the CIA in the Iran/Contra affair. One would not expect a sanitized government version of
the CIA to reveal how
the CIA creates and support death squads that have resulted in a holocaust not seen since the Third Reich.
The passage of the National Security Act in July 1947 legislated the changes in the Executive branch that had been under discussion since 1945.
The Act established an independent Air Force, provided for coordination by a committee of service chiefs, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), and a Secretary of Defense, and created the National Security Council (NSC). The CIG became an independent department and was renamed the Central Intelligence Agency.
Under the Act, the CIA's mission was only loosely defined, since efforts to thrash out the CIA's duties in specific terms would have contributed to the tension surrounding the unification of the services. The four general tasks assigned to the Agency were to advise the NSC on matters related to national security; to make recommendations to the NSC regarding the coordination of intelligence activities of the Departments; to correlate and evaluate intelligence and provide for its appropriate dissemination and "to perform such other functions ... as the NSC will from time to time direct...."
--CIA Organizational Development, [Adapted from: United States Senate Select Committee on Governmental
Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Foreign and Military Intelligence -- Book I
, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, 26 April 1976, pages 102-118.]
The numbers don't lie! At the end of a detailed statistical study,
the CIA will be found, like a spider in its web, at the bump on a bell curve, at the very nexus of murder, mayhem and heinous acts of terrorism that it has exported across the globe and behind the deaths of US citizens in America.
CIA atrocities may be categorized.
* Secret Wars
* Assassinations
* Subversions of targeted regimes
* Overt terrorism
* Support of other terrorist organizations
* Exploitation and/or creation of terrorist organizations like 'al Qaeda'.
* Drug sales, primarily cocaine and its derivative --crack.
* Domestic Assassinations and acts of terrorism
The US government, especially under the GOP regimes of Ronald Reagan, Bush Sr, and now the shrub, have given up the dream of peace. The result is an Orwellian nightmare, a state of perpetual war put into effect by
the CIA, the Praetorian Guard to America's privileged elite. The nightmares --domestic and foreign --are of our own making. Worse than "mutually assured destruction", this thug government within a government may very well spell the end of humankind, at least the end of those dreams that make life worth living. It was an avoidable choice forced upon us by incompetent, cowardly and corrupt right wing inspired 'leadership'.
CIA Mission: Prop Up Right Wing Extremists and Elites; Suppress Everyone Else
Since World War II, the peace achieved with this strategy has been illusory. "Peace" has become an Orwellian term for a series of crimes against humanity. The secret wars waged by
the CIA hardly penetrates the American consciousness, numbed as we are by a compromised mainstream media. Largely owned by the likes of Rupert Murdoch and other extreme right wing corporations, media, at the highest levels of ownership and management, are complicit. Many conflicts escape the glare of publicity --by design or by incompetence. Some are low-intensity conflicts designed to slip under the radar.
At the very heart of
the CIA modus operandi is the network of proxy governments, by nature, oligarchical, naturally allied with America's privileged classes.
The CIA has little trouble convincing this class that its work abroad is 'patriotic'.
The CIA has naturally allied itself with ruling oligarchs abroad, most notably the Saudi Royals. It was significant that the Saudi royals were provided a 'royal' exit from the US when every other aircraft was grounded on 911.
Throughout the Middle East and the Persian Gulf, wealth and income disparities are even greater than those in the US. The oil emirates, only some 0.5 percent of the population, are billionaires. Everyone else, like the poorer and middle income folk in America, share less or none of the wealth that is generated by the production of oil. In Latin America, Cesar Chavez may be a notable exception, hence the Bush administration's campaign of demonization. Chavez dares to maintain control of his nation's oil wealth.
In
Latin America, Central America, this same system is working. If the people don't like it, you organize the police into death squads, as we've done in many countries, including, conspicuously, El Salvador, and you kill enough of them that they are emasculated. They can't do anything about it. They are crippled. They are repressed, suppressed and oppressed, and you can get by with this system of milking the countries to your will and to your way.
The [Sen. Frank] Church Committee of 1975 ..... Again this is not a lecture about
the Secret Wars of
the CIA. That's a separate lecture. I could give it again, but it takes a full hour in its own right. But you must know how
the CIA weaves into this war complex - this war machinery of ours.
--John Stockwell,
The CIA and the Gulf War
According to Stockwell, the Church Committee of 1975 discovered over thirteen thousand covert
operations since
World War II.
Late in 1974, investigative reporter Seymour Hersh revealed that
the CIA was not only destabilizing foreign governments, but was also conducting illegal intelligence operations against thousands of American citizens.
On January 27, 1975, an aroused Senate voted overwhelmingly to establish a special 11-member investigating body along the lines of the recently concluded Watergate Committee. Under the chairmanship of Idaho Senator Frank Church, with Texas Senator John Tower as vice-chairman, the select committee was given nine months and 150 staffers to complete its work.
The so-called Church Committee ran into immediate resistance from the Ford administration, concerned about exposing American intelligence
operations and suspicious of Church's budding presidential ambitions.
The committee interviewed 800 individuals, and conducted 250 executive and 21 public hearings. At the first televised hearing, staged in the Senate Caucus Room, Chairman Church dramatically displayed a CIA poison dart gun to highlight the committee's discovery that
the CIA directly violated a presidential order by maintaining stocks of shellfish toxin sufficient to kill thousands.
Church Committee Created
Stockwell maintains that many of these 'covert operations' were violent and led to wars. Examples include the propaganda campaign that led directly to the Korean and Viet Nam wars.
...we have so many of them in the public record that it's obviously very difficult to know exactly how many people died in Vietnam or in Korea or in Nicaragua or in the Congo - but still, working with conservative figures we come up with a minimum figure of SIX MILLION PEOPLE killed in
the Secret Wars of
the CIA through its de-stabilizations over these past forty years:
One million people killed in the Korean War;
Two million people killed in Vietnam;
One to two million people killed in Cambodia;
Eight hundred thousand people killed in Indonesia;
Fifty thousand people killed in Angola.
Now that began with the war that I organized as Commander of the Angola Task Force, working for a subcommittee of the National Security Council in Washington in 1975 and 1976. Fifty thousand is the number that the Sandinistas and The New York Times pretty much agreed on were killed and wounded in Nicaragua in the ONE BILLION DOLLAR Contra de-stabilization in that country that we effected in the 1980s.
--John Stockwell, The CIA and the Gulf War
Stockwell concludes that throughout what is called the 'Cold War' some twenty million people were murdered, '...the second or third bloodiest war in all of human history". Stockwell calls this the Third World War, a war waged by the CIA upon a 'third world'. Is there any question now about why the US is hated throughout the world? Any questions?
Torture and death squads we do not run in England or Canada or Belgium or Sweden or Switzerland. They are, virtually all of them, done against countries of the Third World where the governments of those countries are not strong enough to prohibit us, to prevent us from brutalizing their people. The six million people killed are people of the Third World: people of the Mitumba Mountains of the Congo, and the jungles of Southeast Asia, and the hills of Nicaragua. And now, of course, the Middle Eastern deserts, in a new wrinkle on this system.
--John Stockwell, The CIA and the Gulf War
By now, the CIA has become expert in waging wars by proxy, encouraging domestic terrorism, subverting elected governments.
CIA operations follow the same recurring script. First, American business interests abroad are threatened by a popular or democratically elected leader. The people support their leader because he intends to conduct land reform, strengthen unions, redistribute wealth, nationalize foreign-owned industry, and regulate business to protect workers, consumers and the environment. So, on behalf of American business, and often with their help, the CIA mobilizes the opposition. First it identifies right-wing groups within the country (usually the military), and offers them a deal: "We'll put you in power if you maintain a favorable business climate for us." The Agency then hires, trains and works with them to overthrow the existing government (usually a democracy).
--Steve Kangas, A Timeline of CIA Atrocities
Pakistan is a case in point.
Since 9/11, the Bush administration has been propping up Musharraf's military regime with $3.6 billion in economic aid from the US and a US-sponsored consortium, not to mention $900 million in military aid and the postponement of overdue debt repayments totaling $13.5 billion. But now the administration is debating whether Musharraf has become too dependent on Islamic extremist political parties in Pakistan to further US interests, and whether he should be pressured to permit the return of two exiled former prime ministers, Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, who have formed an electoral alliance to challenge him in presidential elections scheduled for next year.
--Pakistan: Friend or Foe? The US shouldn't prop up President Musharraf's military regime, Selig S. Harrison
The late Benazir Bhutto revealed the truth before she was brutally gunned down in the streets of Karachi: US policy causes world terrorism. She died before she could tell the rest of the story. See also: Terrorism is worse under GOP regimes.
When the United States aligns with dictatorships and totalitarian regimes, it compromises the basic democratic principles of its foundation -- namely, life, liberty and justice for all. Dictatorships such as Musharraf's suppress individual rights and freedoms and empower the most extreme elements of society. Oppressed citizens, unable to represent themselves through other means, often turn to extremism and religious fundamentalism.
Benazir Bhutto, A False Choice for Pakistan
Quoted above was a paragraph from A Timeline of CIA Atrocities by Steve Kangas, whose death under questionable circumstances raises still more questions given his encyclopedic knowledge of the CIA and the antipathy he inspired from Richard Mellon Scaife --the spider at the center of a malicious, right wing web, perhaps the "great right wing conspiracy" referred to by Hilary Clinton at the height of the GOP blow job jihad and scandal.
In 1984 Kangas moved to Germany where he was involved in electronic eavesdropping on Soviet military units in Eastern Europe, analyzing the transcripts and reporting back to NATO. It was at this time he began to question his conservative political beliefs.
Kangas left military intelligence in 1986 and became a student at the University of California in Santa Cruz. This experience moved him further to the left: "There, kindly professors pointed out to me the illogic of defending life by taking it, destroying the planet for a buck and shutting down schools to build more prisons. I am now thoroughly brainwashed to believe that kindness and human decency are positive traits to be emulated and encouraged."
Kangas ran the Liberalism Resurgent website. This included several articles on the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency. One of his online essays, The Origins of the Overclass, attempted to show "why the richest 1 percent have exploded ahead since 1975, with the help of the New Right, Corporate America and, surprisingly, the CIA." In the essay he argues that Richard Mellon Scaife ran "Forum World Features, a foreign news service used as a front to disseminate CIA propaganda around the world."
Scaife was very unhappy with the attack made on him and employed private detective, Rex Armistead, to carry out an investigation into Kangas.
It is believed that Kangas was working on a book about CIA covert activities when on 8th February, 1999, he was found dead in the bathroom of the offices of Richard Mellon Scaife, the owner of the Pittsburgh Tribune. He had been shot in the head. Officially he had committed suicide but some people believe he was murdered. In an article in Salon Magazine, (19th March, 1999) Andrew Leonard asked: "Why did the police report say the gun wound was to the left of his head, while the autopsy reported a wound on the roof of his mouth? Why had the hard drive on his computer been erased shortly after his death? Why had Scaife assigned his No. 1 private detective, Rex Armistead, to look into Kangas' past?"
--Spartacus International; See also: A Timeline of CIA Atrocities
Violence against against America, often called 'blowback', is an inevitable reaction to CIA atrocities and interference. Concurrently, the US leads the world in the production of military hardware --tanks, missiles, nuclear weaponry, weapons of mass destruction. More recently, since the regime of Ronald Reagan specifically, the US has begun to trail the world in many other key industrial classification.
Under GOP 'stewardship', the US is rapidly becoming a third world nation on steroids. As long as this is the case, no one living in the US, no citizen of the US abroad, is truly free. We are all reduced to mere units in a bigger, evil machine. Bush and his servile ilk serve Moloch willingly and visibly at Bohemian Grove. Slavery, however, is forced upon the rest of us, a process assisted ably by a corporate media.
Secrets of the CIA, Parts 1 - 7
The most extreme example of this, of course, is Fox News, best described as political porn If the Fox outfit did not deflect attention from more insidious designs, it would be laughable, even indulge for the low-class, beer drinking' entertainment that it might bring to certain demographics. In practice, however, it might as well be a state run organization reduced to merely dramatizing officially sanctioned news.
Should you have doubts about press complicity with CIA/government lawlessness, I urge you to consider, as an example, revelations from Dan Rather about what CBS did to curry favor with the White House; or what can happen to a corporate, fully politicized, fourth estate: the Iraq war. Once called Yellow Journalism, it is now cleverly called "fair and balanced". In the worst cases, journalism become little more than a CIA 'front'.
After World War II, these psywar techniques continued. C.D. Jackson, a major figure in US psywar efforts before and after the war, was simultaneously a top executive at Time-Life. Psywar was also used with success during the 1950s by Edward Lansdale, first in the Philippines and then in South Vietnam. In Guatemala, the Dulles brothers worked with their friends at United Fruit, in particular the "father of public relations," Edward Bernays, who for years had been lobbying the press on behalf of United. When CIA puppets finally took over in 1954, only applause was heard from the media, commencing forty years of CIA-approved horrors in that unlucky country.[2] Bernays' achievement apparently impressed Allen Dulles, who immediately began using US public relations experts and front groups to promote the image of Ngo Dinh Diem as South Vietnam's savior.[3]
The combined forces of unaccountable covert operations and corporate public relations, each able to tap massive resources, are sufficient to make the concept of "democracy" obsolete. Fortunately for the rest of us, unchallenged power can lose perspective. With research and analysis -- the capacity to see and understand the world around them -- entrenched power must constantly anticipate and contain potential threats. But even as power seems more secure, this capacity can be blinded by hubris and isolation.
--Daniel Brandt, NameBase NewsLine, Journalism And The CIA
So it naturally follows that the robber barons and their fourth estate business partners should indeed benefit from the puppet they all worked so vigorously to enthrone.
Corporate Interests merged with State Interests
The corporate interests of America are now almost entirely at one with the political interests of America. The people are either relegated to the outskirts as unimportant bystanders or are caught in the cross-fire as casualties of a hostile corporate takeover by American and even foreign corporations. We "the people" do not matter in a country where corporate profits are tied to state policy, which then uses those same corporations to tell us what is real and what is fabricated, what is true and what is false.
--Laura Alexandrovna, Our Cold Civil War
The CIA is symptomatic of a militarized society, in which the CIA and the military play important roles in a circular self-justification. Much is made of the fact that the military provides opportunities for high school dropouts, the disadvantaged who might not otherwise get an education or a job. What is to be said of a society for which the export of death and destruction becomes essential to its economic well-being?
As Gore Vidal argued persuavesively in his "The Decline and Fall of the American Empire", the military/industrial complex is a drag on the economy. The Pentagon budget, he argues, is an economic black hole. He sites, as an example, the construction of a 'tank'! Once built, the economic life of the tank if finished! From that point on, the tank becomes a net drag on the economy. It produces nothing, adds noting! Moreover, the Pentagon soaks up monies that might have been budgeted for truly productive programs like education and training. What is to be said about a society that finds it necessary to send young people off to die in immoral wars in order to get them employed and off the streets?
Eisenhower saw Big Brother's approach but could not have known how it might have been avoided. The revolution, decades in the making, is like a slow boil. We did not even know when we were "done", but cooked we are! We are like one of many puzzles that originated in the mind of the ancient Megarian logician, Eubulides of Miletus.
The puzzle is called "sorites", from the Greek for "heap." The question is whether or not a single grain of sand is a "heap"? The answer is obviously "no". But, if we add grains one at a time, the question arises: at what point have we made a "heap"? At what point have we made of the Military/Industrial complex a Frankenstein monster, Moloch, a Big Brother? At what point have we sacrificed our souls to ol' Scratch? At what point did MIC become the Owl god?
How the CIA Became 'Praetorian Guard' to America's Fascist Right Wing
While Americans in general opposed involvement in foreign wars, American industrialists were not inclined to turn down a quick buck.
On December 20, 1922 the New York Times reported that automobile manufacturer Henry Ford was financing Adolph Hitler's nationalist and anti-Semitic movements in Munich. Simultaneously, the Berlin newspaper Berliner Tageblatt appealed to the American Ambassador in Berlin to investigate and halt Henry Ford's intervention into German domestic affairs. It was reported that Hitler's foreign backers had furnished a "spacious headquarters" with a "host of highly paid lieutenants and officials." Henry Ford's portrait was prominently displayed on the walls of Hitler's personal office:
--Henry Ford and the Nazis
Opposition to US involvement in World War II is most often linked to Charles Lindbergh.
However, most AFC supporters were neither liberal, nor Socialist. Many simply wanted to stay out of the war. Since many also came from the Midwest, an area never as sensitive to European problems as the east coast, isolationist arguments was soon buttressed by more traditional prejudices against eastern industrial and banking interests. (Almost two-thirds of the Committee's 850,000 registered supporters would eventually come from the Midwest, mostly from a radius of three hundred miles around Chicago.)[13] Many AFC supporters were certain industry and the banks wanted war for their own profit.[14] Many other supporters were Republicans who flocked to the AFC for partisan political reasons. Still others were covertly pro-German. Some were German-Americans whose sentimental attachments had not been diminished by the crimes of the Nazi regime. Others, whether of German origin or not, were attracted to Hitler's racism and anti-Semitism.
--David Gordon, America First:the Anti-War Movement, Charles Lindbergh and the Second World War, 1940-1941, History Department, Bronx Community College / CUNY Graduate Center
Ideologically, Bush and Lindbergh have much in common. It is no stretch to imagine this faction welcoming a Hitler victory in Europe, perhaps plotting a Nazi coup d'etat in the US had that happened.
Lindbergh wanted Hitler to destroy the Soviet Union, and was willing to accept Nazi domination of Europe as the price.[118] His protests to the contrary are not convincing.[119] Long before most Committee members, he had come to believe the existence of the Soviet Union had made Hitler's dictatorship necessary. The German invasion of Russia in June 1941 made the need to keep America out of the war greater than ever. As a result, the efforts of America Firsters to keep America neutral became more frenetic as German successes in Russia mounted, and Roosevelt's efforts to enter the war increased.
--David Gordon, America First:the Anti-War Movement, Charles Lindbergh and the Second World War, 1940-1941, History Department, Bronx Community College / CUNY Graduate Center
Lindbergh opposed US entry into WWII for the same reasons the Bush family continued to do business with Hitler and the Nazis' after war had begun. The Bush family were Hitler's trading partners.
The debate over Prescott Bush's behavior has been bubbling under the surface for some time. There has been a steady internet chatter about the "Bush/Nazi" connection, much of it inaccurate and unfair. But the new documents, many of which were only declassified last year, show that even after America had entered the war and when there was already significant information about the Nazis' plans and policies, he worked for and profited from companies closely involved with the very German businesses that financed Hitler's rise to power. It has also been suggested that the money he made from these dealings helped to establish the Bush family fortune and set up its political dynasty.
...
Three sets of archives spell out Prescott Bush's involvement. All three are readily available, thanks to the efficient US archive system and a helpful and dedicated staff at both the Library of Congress in Washington and the National Archives at the University of Maryland.
The first set of files, the Harriman papers in the Library of Congress, show that Prescott Bush was a director and shareholder of a number of companies involved with Thyssen.
The second set of papers, which are now in the National Archives, are contained in vesting order number 248 which records the seizure of the company assets. What these files show is that on October 20 1942 the alien property custodian seized the assets of the UBC, of which Prescott Bush was a director. Having gone through the books of the bank, further seizures were made against two affiliates, the Holland-American Trading Corporation and the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation. By November, the Silesian-American Company, another of Prescott Bush's ventures, had also been seized. --
British Guardian: How Bush's grandfather helped Hitler's rise to power
By now it is common knowledge, verified in the public record, that in October of 1942, Prescott Bush was accused of "Running Nazi front groups in the United States". He was charged under the Trading With the Enemy Act as the US government shut down the operations at New York's Union Banking Corporation.
Bush's actions might have been considered high treason. They are interesting by virtue of the myriad connections about what is commonly referred to as the "Bush Crime Family" - Averell Harriman, the Rockefellers, Allen Dulles, James Baker III, Gulf Oil, Pennzoil, and Osama bin Laden. The connections are labyrinthine, involving a host of corporate connections, high ranking Nazis, the CIA and Allen Dulles.
Certainly, opposition to the US entry into World War II was not essentially "leftist". It was, rather, the right wing that overtly supported Hitler's adventures in Europe. Their opposition was, in fact, an ideological opposition to the US opposition to Hitler. There is a stunning picture of American Nazis giving the Nazi salute as they filed past the coffins of German Nazis killed in the crash of the airship Hindenburg at Lakehurst, New Jersey.
Some recent history may be in order. Before their resurgence amid delicious vindication, the Dixie Chicks were vilified by the same crowd that attacked dissenters for daring to compare Bush with Hitler. In Europe, by contrast, the similarities were clear and irrefutable, quite beyond the power of Fox to spin or lie about.
...one woman who is a translator and teacher of German-language literature - a woman who lived in Germany for ten years and has immersed herself in the German culture for twenty years said that among the people in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, and among Holocaust survivors in the United States, she hears the parallels between Bush and Hitler and the similarities between the United States now and Germany in the 1930's all the time. "She writes:"
"It's almost like this knowledge is a given--a basic assumption shared by everyone I know who is intimately familiar with the Nazi era (that is, 90% of my professional colleagues, clients, collaborators, etc.). It is like the unspoken known. Unspoken, and unspeakable"
--Lonna Gooden VanHorn, America's Hitler: Part V
The most recent right wing variation about WWII peaceniks had its origins in Bush's run up to war against Iraq. It goes like this: the allies had already done all the hard work because US "Peaceniks" did not want to go to war.
However, it was not "leftist peaceniks" who wanted to keep the US out of the war; it was the fascist right. It was Charles Lindbergh and Prescott Bush, who led domestic opposition to US entry into World War II. Prescott Bush, later charged with treason, and Charles Lindbergh, an avowed fascist, were the most notable figures in a movement that most certainly included Nazis, sympathizers and other admirers of Adolph Hitler
Keeping the US out of WWII had been a ring wing goal when goal when Prescott Bush, the Shrub's Grandfather, conspired to overthrow the legitimate government of the United States and replace the administration of FDR with a fascist dictatorship.
The conspirators were operating under the umbrella of a front group called the American Liberty League, which included many families that are still household names today, including Heinz, Colgate, Birds Eye and General Motors.
Butler played along with the clique to determine who was involved but later blew the whistle and identified the ringleaders in testimony given to the House Committee on un-American Activities.
However, the Committee refused to even question any of the individuals named by Butler and his testimony was omitted from the record, leading to charges that they were involved in covering the matter up, and the majority of the media blackballed the story."
-- BBC: Bush's Grandfather Planned Fascist Coup In America
In 1936, William Dodd, the US Ambassador to Germany, wrote a letter to President Roosevelt in which he stated:
"A clique of US industrialists is hell-bent to bring a fascist state to supplant our democratic government and is working closely with the fascist regime in Germany and Italy. I have had plenty of opportunity in my post in Berlin to witness how close some of our American ruling families are to the Nazi regime.... A prominent executive of one of the largest corporations, told me point blank that he would be ready to take definite action to bring fascism into America if President Roosevelt continued his progressive policies.
Certain American industrialists had a great deal to do with bringing fascist regimes into being in both Germany and Italy. They extended aid to help Fascism occupy the seat of power, and they are helping to keep it there. [ed. treason!] Propagandists for fascist groups try to dismiss the fascist scare. We should be aware of the symptoms. When industrialists ignore laws designed for social and economic progress they will seek recourse to a fascist state when the institutions of our government compel them to comply with the provisions."
Prescott Bush's role in helping finance Hitler's Nazi War Machine is a fact, a matter of record. Clearly, then, the elder Bush was a part of a criminal, treasonous enterprise that sought to overthrow the elected government of the US and impose upon it a fascist dictatorship.
The most tantalising part of the story remains shrouded in mystery: the connection, if any, between Prescott Bush, Thyssen, Consolidated Silesian Steel Company (CSSC) and Auschwitz.
Thyssen's partner in United Steel Works, which had coal mines and steel plants across the region, was Friedrich Flick, another steel magnate who also owned part of I.G. Farben, the powerful German chemical company.
Flick's plants in Poland made heavy use of slave labour from the concentration camps in Poland. According to a New York Times article published in March 18 1934 Flick owned two-thirds of CSSC while "American interests" held the rest.
--How Bush's grandfather helped Hitler's rise to power [See: BBC: Bush's Grandfather Planned Fascist Coup In America] Also: Bush's Grandfather Planned Fascist Coup In America. Certainly, this treasonous gang of right wing insurgents, bore little resemblance to the broad-based, often leftist coalition of peace activists who opposed US action in Viet Nam upon broader, philosophical principles.
In 1980, Stockwell said that "if the Soviet Union were to disappear off the face of the map, the United States would quickly seek out new enemies to justify its own military-industrial complex."
The CIA and Iran/Contra
Addendum:
The Speech that may have motivated the murder of Sen. Paul Wellstone
In the middle of tough re-election campaign, Sen. Paul Wellstone announces his opposition to Bush's Iraq war resolution. His speech to the US Senate, entitled "Regarding Military Action Against Iraq" was presented on October 3, 2002. By October,
Mr. President, as we turn later today to address our policy on Iraq, I want to take a few minutes to outline my views. The situation remains fluid, and Administration officials are engaged in negotiations at the United Nations over what approach we ought to take, with our allies, to disarm the brutal and dictatorial Iraqi regime.
Our debate here is critical because the administration seeks our authorization now for military action including possibly unprecedented, pre-emptive, go-it-alone military action in Iraq, even as it seeks to garner support from our allies on a tough new UN disarmament resolution.
Let me be clear: Saddam Hussein is a brutal, ruthless dictator who has repressed his own people, attacked his neighbors, and remains an international outlaw. The world would be a much better place if he were gone and the regime in Iraq were changed. That's why the US should unite the world against Saddam, and not allow him to unite forces against us.
A go-it-alone approach, allowing for a ground invasion of Iraq without the support of other countries, could give Saddam exactly that chance. A pre-emptive go-it-alone strategy towards Iraq is wrong. I oppose it.
I support ridding Iraq of weapons of mass destruction through unfettered UN inspections, which should begin as soon as possible. Only a broad coalition of nations, united to disarm Saddam, while preserving our war on terror, is likely to succeed. Our primary focus now must be on Iraq's verifiable disarmament of weapons of mass destruction. This will help maintain international support, and could even eventually result in Saddam's loss of power.
Of course, I would welcome this, as would most of our allies. The president has helped to direct intense new multilateral pressure on Saddam Hussein to allow UN and International Atomic Energy Agency weapons inspectors back in to Iraq to conduct their assessment of Iraq's chemical, biological and nuclear programs. Saddam clearly has felt that heat, and it suggests what might be accomplished through collective action. I am not naive about this process, and much work lies ahead. But we cannot dismiss out-of-hand Saddam's late and reluctant commitment to comply with UN disarmament arrangements, or the agreement struck Tuesday to begin to implement it. We should use the gathering international resolve to collectively confront his regime by building on these efforts through a new UN disarmament resolution.
This debate must include all Americans, because our decisions finally must have the informed consent of the American people, who will be asked to bear the costs, in blood and treasure, of our decisions. When the lives of the sons and daughters of average Americans could be risked and lost, their voices must be heard by Congress before we make decisions about military action.
Right now, despite a desire to support our president, I believe many Americans still have profound questions about the wisdom of relying too heavily on a pre-emptive, go-it-alone military approach.
Acting now on our own might be a sign of our power. Acting sensibly and in a measured way in concert with our allies, with bipartisan Congressional support, would be a sign of our strength.
It would also be a sign of the wisdom of our founders, who lodged in the President the power to command US armed forces, and in Congress the power to make war, ensuring a balance of powers between co-equal branches of government. Our Constitution lodges the power to weigh the causes for war and the ability to declare war in Congress precisely to ensure that the American people and those who represent them will be consulted before military action is taken.
The Senate has a grave duty to insist on a full debate that examines for all Americans the full range of options before us, and weighs those options, together with their risks and costs. Such a debate should be energized by the real spirit of September 11: a debate which places a priority not on unanimity, but on the unity of a people determined to forcefully confront and defeat terrorism and to defend our values.
I have supported internationally sanctioned coalition military action in Bosnia, in Kosovo and Serbia, and in Afghanistan. Even so, in recent weeks, I and others including major Republican policymakers like former Bush National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft, former Bush Secretary of State James Baker, my colleague on the Foreign Relations Committee Senator Hagel, Bush Mideast Envoy General Anthony Zinni and other leading US military leaders have raised serious questions about the approach the Administration is taking on Iraq.
There have been questions raised about the nature and urgency of Iraq's threat, our response to that threat, and against whom, exactly that threat is directed. What is the best course of action that the US could take to address the threat? What are the economic, political, and national security consequences of possible US or US-British invasion of Iraq? There have been questions raised about the consequences of our actions abroad, including its effects on the continuing war on terrorism, our ongoing efforts to stabilize and rebuild Afghanistan, and efforts to calm the intensifying Middle East crisis, especially the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. And there have been questions raised about the consequences of our actions here at home.
Of first and greatest concern, obviously, are the questions raised about the possible loss of life that could result from our actions. The United States could send tens of thousands of US troops to fight in Iraq, and in so doing we could risk countless lives, of US soldiers and innocent Iraqis. There are other questions, about the impact of an attack in relation to our economy. The United States could face soaring oil prices and could spend billions both on a war and on a years-long effort to stabilize Iraq after an invasion. The resolution we will be debating today would explicitly authorize a go-it-alone approach.
I believe an international approach is essential. In my view, our policy should have four key elements. First and foremost, the United States must work with our allies to deal with Iraq. We should not go it alone or virtually alone with a pre-emptive ground invasion. Most critically, acting alone could jeopardize our top national security priority, the continuing war on terror. The intense cooperation of other nations in matters related to intelligence-sharing, security, political and economic cooperation, law enforcement and financial surveillance, and other areas has been crucial to this fight, and enables us to wage it effectively with our allies. Over the past year, this cooperation has been our most successful weapon against terror networks. That -- not attacking Iraq should be the main focus of our efforts in the war on terror.
We have succeeded in destroying some Al Qaeda forces, but many of its operatives have scattered, their will to kill Americans still strong. The United States has relied heavily on alliances with nearly 100 countries in a coalition against terror for critical intelligence to protect Americans from possible future attacks. Acting with the support of allies, including hopefully Arab and Muslim allies, would limit possible damage to that coalition and our anti-terrorism efforts. But as General Wes Clark, former Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe has recently noted, a premature go-it-alone invasion of Iraq "would super-charge recruiting for Al Qaeda."
Second, our efforts should have the goal of disarming Saddam Hussein of all of his weapons of mass destruction. Iraq agreed to destroy its weapons of mass destruction at the end of the Persian Gulf War and to verification by the UN and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that this had been done. According to the UN and IAEA, and undisputed by the administration, inspections during the 1990's neutralized a substantial portion of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, and getting inspectors back in to finish the job is critical. The prompt resumption of inspections and disarmament, under an expedited timetable and with unfettered access in Iraq, is imperative.
Third, weapons inspections should be enforceable. If efforts by UN weapons inspectors are tried and fail, a range of potential UN-sanctioned means, including proportionate military force, should be considered. I have no doubt that Congress would act swiftly to authorize force in such circumstances. This does not mean giving the UN a veto over US actions. No one wants to do that. It simply means, as Chairman Levin has observed, that Saddam is a world problem and should be addressed in the world arena.
Finally, our approach toward Iraq must be consistent with international law and the framework of collective security developed over the last 50 years or more. It should be sanctioned by the Security Council under the UN Charter, to which we are a party and by which we are legally bound. Only a broad coalition of nations, united to disarm Saddam, while preserving our war on terror, can succeed. Our response will be far more effective if Saddam sees the whole world arrayed against him.
We should act forcefully, resolutely, sensibly with our allies, and not alone, to disarm Saddam. Authorizing the pre-emptive, go-it-alone use of force now, right in the midst of continuing efforts to enlist the world community to back a tough new disarmament resolution on Iraq, could be a costly mistake for our country.
--Paul Wellstone, Speech to the US Senate regarding US military action in Iraq, 2002
The CIA has enabled a right wing dictatorship in America, and, in doing so, has inspired generations of 'terrorist' antagonists who might never have found cause until given it them by the CIA's ham-fisted approach to empire.
The CIA has been called a new 'Praetorian Guard', as apt a description as any I have found. Certainly, the CIA is to Big Brother what the 'Praetorian Guard was to the Emperors of Rome.
The CIA does not merely exercise absolute power via the apparatus of the police state, it marshals the resources of the monolithic state to rob the individual of person hood. Big Brother literally changes what it means to be "human".
In Goethe's version of Faust, Mephistopheles tries to grab Faust's soul when he dies but is frustrated by a divine intervention.
Can the people of the US afford to wait passively for divine intervention?
No! We must deny the state its power to define us.
Challenged by aristocrats who demanded to know just who he thought he was, Voltaire said "I have no name but the name that I have made for myself!"
Big Brother's lies have made of us our own worst nightmares, but only if we buy into the scheme.
It follows, therefore, that Big Brother is finished when we make Voltaire's existentialist choice, when we take responsibility for what we have become, when we dare to define ourselves.
The seeds of revolution are born when each individual chooses to be free!
ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED
http://existentialistcowboy.blogspot.com/2008/03/
cia-holocaust-claims-twenty-million.html
THE AGE OF FREEMASONRY IS DAWNING
New World Order
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29 Januari 2009 | 08:55:37
THE AGE OF PISCES
Circa 1 AD to 2000 AD
Pisces has the Zodiacal symbol of the fish, which is a Christian
symbol. AD stands for Anno Domini, the Year of Our Lord, which means
the age of Jesus Christ.
THE AGE OF AQUARIUS
Circa 2000 CE to 4000 CE
Aquarius is associated by astrologers with brotherhood, which is the
cornerstone of Freemasonry. CE stands for Common Era, and this year
the decision was taken to replace the BC/AD date reference with
BCE/CE.
THE DAJJAL SYSTEM
Some members of the Islamic community fear that Globalisation, the New
World Order, bears a strong resemblance to what they call the Dajjal
system. Muslims believe that a system called the Dajjal will be in
control of world affairs at the end of the world, before the second
coming of Jesus Christ.
George Bush, US President, State of Union Message 1991:-
"What is at stake is more than one small country. It is a
big idea, a New World Order."
Excerpt from a letter written circa 1500 CE by Christopher Columbus, the man who "discovered" America, but they don't teach kids at school that also claimed to be a prophet:-
"God made me the messenger of the new heaven and the new
earth of which he spoke in the Apocalypse of St John after
having spoken of it through the mouth of Isaiah; and he
showed me the spot where to find it."
Tony Blair, UK Prime Minister, and the New World Order:-
BILDERBERG - SECRET WORLD GOVERNMENT?
Bilderberg Group
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29 Januari 2009 | 08:53:18
The annual Bilderberg Group conference is the most important meeting in the world. It is attended annually by more world leaders, more top politicians, more royalty, and business leaders, than any other gathering of any kind. The G8 summit is a mere side-show in comparison. No other meeting is attended by the leaders of all the major international institutions, such as the World Bank, the IMF, the UN, and the EU.
Collectively, these are the men who control the world, and their decisions therefore affect every human being on earth, now and in the future. Yet Bilderberg Group meetings receive no publicity and are not reported in the news.
Their first recorded meeting was at the Bilderberg Hotel in Oosterbeek, Holland, from 29th May to 31st May, 1954. The chairman was H.R.H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. Since then this elite global group, which may be much older, has been called the Bilderberg Group.
The people who are invited to the Bilderberg Group, and the topics discussed, are official secrets which the media is forbidden from reporting. Bilderberg is effectively an elite secret society ruling the world from behind closed doors and outside the democratic framework.
In a recent Radio documentary the BBC disclosed that the decision to create a European Union was taken at the first official Bilderberg Group meeting in 1953, but the rest of the programme was devoted to portraying Bilderberg as a superficial extension of Western democracy.
Who organizes the Bilderberg Group? Who pays for it? What are they discussing? What are they deciding?
SOURCES:
BBC News, "Bilderberg: The ultimate conspiracy theory", 3 June 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/3773019.stm
The Bilderberg group, an elite coterie of Western thinkers and power-brokers, has been accused of fixing the fate of the world behind closed doors. As the organisation marks its 50th anniversary, rumours are more rife than ever.
Given its reputation as perhaps the most powerful organisation in the world, the Bilderberg group doesn't go a bundle on its switchboard operations.
Telephone inquiries are met with an impersonal female voice - the Dutch equivalent of the BT Callminder woman - reciting back the number and inviting callers to "leave a message after the tone".
Anyone who accidentally dialled the number would probably think they had stumbled on just another residential answer machine.
But behind this ultra-modest fa硤e lies one of the most controversial and hotly-debated alliances of our times.
On Thursday the Bilderberg group marks its 50th anniversary with the start of its yearly meeting.
For four days some of the West's chief political movers, business leaders, bankers, industrialists and strategic thinkers will hunker down in a five-star hotel in northern Italy to talk about global issues.
What sets Bilderberg apart from other high-powered get-togethers, such as the annual World Economic Forum (WEF), is its mystique.
Not a word of what is said at Bilderberg meetings can be breathed outside. No reporters are invited in and while confidential minutes of meetings are taken, names are not noted.
The shadowy aura extends further - the anonymous answerphone message, for example; the fact that conference venues are kept secret. The group, which includes luminaries such as Henry Kissinger and former UK chancellor Kenneth Clarke, does not even have a website.
In the void created by such aloofness, an extraordinary conspiracy theory has grown up around the group that alleges the fate of the world is decided by Bilderberg.
In Yugoslavia, leading Serbs have blamed Bilderberg for triggering the war which led to the downfall of Slobodan Milosevic. The Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, the London nail-bomber David Copeland and Osama Bin Laden are all said to have bought into the theory that Bilderberg pulls the strings with which national governments dance.
And while hardline right-wingers and libertarians accuse Bilderberg of being a liberal Zionist plot, leftists such as activist Tony Gosling are equally critical.
A former journalist, Mr Gosling runs a campaign against the group from his home in Bristol, UK.
"My main problem is the secrecy. When so many people with so much power get together in one place I think we are owed an explanation of what is going on.
Mr Gosling seizes on a quote from Will Hutton, the British economist and a former Bilderberg delegate, who likened it to the annual WEF gathering where "the consensus established is the backdrop against which policy is made worldwide".
"One of the first places I heard about the determination of US forces to attack Iraq was from leaks that came out of the 2002 Bilderberg meeting," says Mr Gosling.
But "privacy, rather than secrecy", is key to such a meeting says Financial Times journalist Martin Wolf, who has been invited several times in a non-reporting role.
...
As an up-and-coming statesmen in the 1950s, Denis Healey, who went on to become a Labour chancellor, was one of the four founding members of Bilderberg (which was named after the hotel in Holland where the first meeting was held in 1954).
...
"There's absolutely nothing in it. We never sought to reach a consensus on the big issues at Bilderberg. It's simply a place for discussion," says Lord Healey.
...
That activists have seized on Bilderberg is no suprise to Alasdair Spark, an expert in conspiracy theories.
"The idea that a shadowy clique is running the world is nothing new. For hundreds of years people have believed the world is governed by a cabal of Jews.
"Shouldn't we expect that the rich and powerful organise things in their own interests. It's called capitalism."
The Bilderberg Group has been called the most exclusive, and secretive club in the world. To be admitted, you have to run a multinational bank, a giant corporation or a country. Since its first meeting in 1953, it has been attended by every British Prime Minister. But until now its very existence has been shrouded in secrecy.
Simon Cox investigates the hidden world of the Bilderberg Group. Is it the anti-democratic conspiracy that its critics allege or just a private meeting to help foster global understanding?
But behind this ultra-modest fa硤e lies one of the most controversial and hotly-debated alliances of our times.
On Thursday the Bilderberg group marks its 50th anniversary with the start of its yearly meeting.
For four days some of the West's chief political movers, business leaders, bankers, industrialists and strategic thinkers will hunker down in a five-star hotel in northern Italy to talk about global issues.
What sets Bilderberg apart from other high-powered get-togethers, such as the annual World Economic Forum (WEF), is its mystique.
Not a word of what is said at Bilderberg meetings can be breathed outside. No reporters are invited in and while confidential minutes of meetings are taken, names are not noted.
The shadowy aura extends further - the anonymous answerphone message, for example; the fact that conference venues are kept secret. The group, which includes luminaries such as Henry Kissinger and former UK chancellor Kenneth Clarke, does not even have a website.
DISCREET AND ELITE
This year Bilderberg has announced a list of attendees
They include BP chief John Browne, US Senator John Edwards, World Bank president James Wolfensohn and Mrs Bill Gates
In the void created by such aloofness, an extraordinary conspiracy theory has grown up around the group that alleges the fate of the world is decided by Bilderberg.
In Yugoslavia, leading Serbs have blamed Bilderberg for triggering the war which led to the downfall of Slobodan Milosevic. The Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, the London nail-bomber David Copeland and Osama Bin Laden are all said to have bought into the theory that Bilderberg pulls the strings with which national governments dance.
And while hardline right-wingers and libertarians accuse Bilderberg of being a liberal Zionist plot, leftists such as activist Tony Gosling are equally critical.
A former journalist, Mr Gosling runs a campaign against the group from his home in Bristol, UK.
"My main problem is the secrecy. When so many people with so much power get together in one place I think we are owed an explanation of what is going on.
Israel has devastated the Gaza strip
Middle East War
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29 Januari 2009 | 08:50:51
Israel has devastated the Gaza strip, destroying homes and factories along with much of the civilian infrastructure
*** The Israeli regime practices state censorship internally, and does its best to deceive the rest of the world and prevent you from hearing the truth by barring foreign journalists from Gaza. ***
Donald Macintyre: An assault on the peace process
Israel devastated the Strip's production capacity as well as destroying homes
Israeli forces used aerial bombing, tank shelling and armoured bulldozers to eliminate the productive capacity of some of Gaza's most important manufacturing plants during their 22 days of military action in the Gaza Strip. The attacks ? like those which destroyed at least 4,000 homes, left some residential areas resembling an earthquake zone and more than 50,000 people in temporary shelters at their peak ? destroyed or severely damaged 219 factories, Palestinian industrialists say.
Leaders of Gaza's business community ? who have long stayed aloof from the different Palestinian political factions ? say that much of the 3 per cent of industry still operating after the 18-month shutdown caused by Israel's economic siege has now been destroyed.
Chris Gunness, chief spokesman for the UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), said that widespread destruction of "civilian economic infrastructure" was a strike "at the heart of the peace process" because "economic stability is an essential component of a durable peace."
While the main impact of the destruction is likely to be on the already politically fraught prospects of medium to long-term reconstruction in Gaza, it it is unlikely to make efforts to help its many stricken and displaced residents any easier. It is those humanitarian relief efforts for which the main British aid agencies are appealing for help in the advertisement so far barred by the BBC. Meanwhile, the UNRWA is separately pressing donors for $345m for immediate repairs to homes still standing and to its own damaged premises.
The destroyed factories include: Alweyda, the biggest Palestinian food-processing plant and the only one still operating in Gaza until the war; Abu Eida, the largest, and now flattened, ready-mixed concrete producer; and the 89-year-old Al Badr flour mills, which have the biggest storage facilities anywhere in the Strip. The owners of all three said yesterday they were proud of their close and long-standing contact with Israeli partner firms and suppliers. Dr Yaser Alweyda, owner and engineering director of the demolished food-processing plant, estimated the total damage to his plant at $22.5m and accused Israel of wanting "to destroy the weak Palestinian economy". He added: "They want to ensure that we will never have a state in Palestine."
Tawfiq Abu Eida, the owner of the concrete factory, said he had been preparing just before the war to supply the Beit Lahiya sewage works, a key project of the Middle East envoy Tony Blair.
The air and ground strikes have compounded the impact of the trade embargo, which Israel imposed in June 2007 after Hamas's enforced takeover of the Strip. Amr Hamad, the executive manager of the Palestinian Federation of Industries, said: "What they were not able to reach by the blockade, they have reached with their bulldozers." He added: "Businessmen are not connected at all to Hamas and are very pragmatic and open-minded.
"They are the the last layer in Palestinian society who believe in peace and the importance of the economy. They also believe that the only economic link should be with Israel," Mr Hamad said.
The Israeli Prime Minister, Ehud Olmert, told his cabinet that with "typical moral acrobatics", the "terrorist organisations" were trying to lay the blame on Israel, and that "the State of Israel did everything in order to avoid hitting civilians." Israel would ensure that soldiers and officers who took part in the operation would be safe from any tribunals investigating them, he said.
At the Al Badr mills in Sudaniya, north of Gaza City, owner Rashed Hamada, 55, said his company had been making flour for bakeries right up until the attack on 10 January. He strongly denied that his compound, which was locked at night and had a security guard, had been used by Hamas gunmen, and said it was clear the production line itself had been the target.
"It seems that the father of the commander had owned a flour mill," he commented ironically. "He knew exactly where to hit. The Israelis ... used to encourage me to expand production here. Now they have destroyed it. I don't understand why."
Standing beside mangled and incinerated refrigeration vans and the burned-out ruins of his food factory and warehouses, located for ease of access to Israel between the eastern Gaza City district of Shajaia and the border 650 metres away, Dr Alweyda said that, as well as the production lines, 26 vehicles had been destroyed. The company, sole Gaza agent for Tnuva, an Israeli milk-products company, had managed to keep biscuit production going up until the outbreak of war. The Israeli military said yesterday that it was still investigating allegations of civilian casualties and property damage but that it "does not target civilians or civilian infrastructure, including factories, unless it is being used by Hamas for terrorist purposes."
But Amr Hamad said that he believed the two purposes of the strikes was to make Gaza's economy dependent on Israel's, and to stimulate popular pressure on Hamas to agree to certain compromises as a precondition to a reopening of the crossings ? such as allowing the Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority control of the crossings and also the release of Israeli corporal Gilad Shalit, abducted two-and-a-half years ago by Hamas and other militants.
BBC refuses to broadcast appeal by charities trying to help victims of Israel in Gaza
Middle East War
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26 Januari 2009 | 10:25:47
*** Britain's state media network, the BBC, which is funded by public money, has refused to broadcast an appeal by independent international charities trying to help the victims of Israeli terrorism in Gaza. The BBC is unable to do anything that may undermine Israel. The pro-israel bias of the BBC has been exposed in independent research in the past. The commercial media company Sky -- which owned by Jewish Zionist media mogul, Rupert Murdoch, who owns most of the commercial news in the UK including most widely read newspaper The Sun and also The Times -- has also not agreed to braodcast the appeal for help for the thousands of women and children suffering and dying unnecessarily in Palestine. ***
MPs and religious leaders press BBC to screen Gaza aid appeal
Politicians from all sides condemn corporation for blocking charity broadcast
Fifty-one MPs will today urge the BBC to back down over its refusal to screen an emergency appeal for humanitarian aid to Gaza. Richard Burden, the Labour MP for Birmingham Northfield, will table an Early Day Motion stating that the House of Commons is "astonished" by the broadcaster's decision not to show the appeal by the Disasters Emergency Committee because it would "threaten the impartiality of its news reporting".
Yesterday, members of the Stop the War protest group occupied the BBC's Glasgow offices, saying they would stay in the building until the corporation agreed to air the DEC's fundraising advert for Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.
The occupation followed criticism from MPs and religious leaders, including the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, who said: "My feeling is that the BBC should broadcast an appeal," .
The DEC, formed in 1963 to raise and distribute funds for disaster relief, comprises 13 charities including the British Red Cross, Save the Children and Oxfam. Its appeals raise millions of pounds for food, medicines and shelter, in this case for Palestinians left homeless and hungry by Israel's 22-day bombardment of the territory. ITV, Channel 4 and Five have all agreed to show the broadcast, while Sky has yet to decide.
Last night, the Justice Minister Shahid Malik said he had yet to meet anyone who supported the BBC's position, while the Health Minister Ben Bradshaw dismissed the impartiality argument as "completely feeble".
Mr Burden said the BBC's reasoning was "both unconvincing and incoherent". In a letter asking for further explanation from the BBC director-general Mark Thompson, Mr Burden said: "This is not about taking sides in the conflict. It is about providing urgent help to people in desperate need.
"The important thing is to get aid in to Gaza. This is recognised by almost everyone, including the Government. The BBC appears to be the only one who has a problem seeing this."
A spokesman for Stop the War said about 100 people had occupied the foyer of BBC Scotland in Glasgow, while police put the number of protesters at about 50 and said there had been no arrests. "We picketed the BBC last week but this makes our point more forcibly," said John Hilley, of the Glasgow Palestine Human Rights Campaign.
The protest followed another in central London on Saturday, when thousands of demonstrators converged on Broadcasting House, the BBC's headquarters in Portland Place. Some hurled shoes at the building, an action which is considered an insult in many Arab societies.
The BBC said its position was unchanged, despite it receiving 11,000 complaints. Mr Thompson explained the reason for his decision on the BBC website. "Inevitably, an appeal would use pictures which are the same or similar to those we would be using in our news programmes but would do so with the objective of encouraging public donations," he said. "The danger ... is that this could be interpreted as taking a political stance on an ongoing story. When we've turned down DEC appeals in the past on impartiality grounds, it has been because of this risk of giving ... the impression that the BBC was taking sides in an ongoing conflict."
BBC News, "Pressure still on BBC in Gaza row", 25 Jnuary 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7848673.stm
The BBC is under pressure to air a charity appeal for aid to Gaza after other channels agreed to broadcast it.
...
But Communities Secretary Hazel Blears urged a review of the decision as 2,000 protested at the BBC's London HQ.
...
Earlier, rival broadcasters ITV, Channel 4 and Five agreed to broadcast the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) appeal. It will be screened for the first time on Monday.
...
Earlier on Saturday, police said at least 2,000 protesters gathered outside the BBC's Broadcasting House in central London, and chants of "BBC, shame on you" were heard as a petition was handed in to the corporation.
There were seven arrests at the rally - five people were arrested on suspicion of obstructing police at the Piccadilly Circus junction with Regent Street.
...
Veteran politician Tony Benn, a speaker at the protest, said: "We can't ignore suffering in the interests of what the BBC call impartiality.
"We can't allow others to die when we have an opportunity to save their lives."
...
International Development Secretary Douglas Alexander told BBC Radio 4's Today programme the British public could "distinguish between support for humanitarian aid and perceived partiality in a conflict".
"I really struggle to see in the face of the immense human suffering of people in Gaza... that this is in any way a credible argument," he added.
"They [the BBC] still have time to make a different judgement to recognise the immense human suffering."
...
Even gebeurde er iets vreemds bij de eedafname van Obama als president van de VS.
De rechter versprak zich en Obama volgde hem hierin. Een dag later deed hij de eed even dunnetjes over en daarmee is de baard af. Of toch niet?
Eens even kijken wat de Founding Fathers voorschrijven hoe de eed afgelegd dient te worden en let op, dit luistert heel erg nauw.
De inauguratie van de nieuwe president heeft plaats op 20 januari na de verkiezing in november. Vroeger gebeurde dit in maart, maar dat veranderde na 1933 met het 20e amendement. De voorzitter van het hooggerechtshof neemt de "president-elect" publiekelijk de eed af met de woorden die de grondwet voorschrijft:
"I do solemny swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Na de eedaflegging houdt de president zijn inauguratie toespraak waarin hij zijn visie over de Verenigde Staten en het beleid van zijn regering voor de komende vier jaar uiteenzet.
Maar de tweede keer ging het wel goed. (althans, dat moeten we maar aannemen, want het gebeurde in besloten kring).
Lees de regels van de Founding Fathers nu nog eens.
De voorzitter van het hooggerechtshof neemt de "president-elect" publiekelijk de eed af met de woorden die de grondwet voorschrijft. In plaats daarvan vond de tweede eedaflegging, die dus niet ten overstaan van het publiek uitgevoerd werd, plaats in White House Map Room om 7:35 p.m.
Centraal tijdens deze eedaflegging staat het schilderij van Benjamin Latrobe, de grote architect van het U.S. Capitol die tevens een freemason was.
Hoe dan ook, het moet publiekelijk gebeuren en precies met de woorden die zijn voorgeschreven en daarmee is Obama geen president van de VS maar een valse president of moet ik zeggen een valse GOD, want zo is hij neergezet gedurende meerdere weken.
Inauguration: The Beast Enters the Gates
Muslim Brotherhood
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25 Januari 2009 | 09:46:02
For many, the January 20 Presidential inauguration of Barack Obama is reason for celebration. Obama supporters everywhere believe that the event represents the introduction of the solution to America's deepening crisis. It would break not a few hearts, however, if it was revealed that the enemies of America are going to be in attendance. According to a January 14 Associated Press article, a prayer will be offered at the inauguration by Ingrid Mattson, the first woman president of America's largest Muslim group, the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) (Zoll, "Muslim woman, rabbis to pray at inaugural service"). While many Americans may believe that this prayer offering represents a celebration of religious pluralism, the hidden message behind this display, which is only discernible to the power elite and the most astute observer, is that members of the Establishment will continue their torrent love affair with the Muslim Brotherhood. The first installment of this series established the Muslim Brotherhood as a dangerous organization that is partially responsible for spawning al Qaeda. Furthermore, the Brotherhood has a long running, symbiotic relationship with the power elite and the darker factions of the United States government and the intelligence community.
ISNA's connection to the Muslim Brotherhood was revealed during the 2007 Holy Land Foundation (HLF) trial. Before being shut down by the United States government, the HLF was the largest Islamic charity in America. In 2001, evidence began to surface that HLF was a fundraising entity for Hamas, a Muslim Brotherhood offshoot. One of HLF's founders, Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook, was even a Hamas political leader. This lead to the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Asset Control classifying HLF as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist ("Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons"). During the HLF trial, ISNA was named as an unindicted co-conspirator that was "intimately connected with the HLF and its assigned task of providing financial support to Hamas" (Gerstein, "U.S.: Facts Tie Muslim Groups To Hamas Front Case"). The prosecution also introduced several exhibits into evidence that established ISNA's "intimate relationship" with the Muslim Brotherhood (ibid). In a 1991 internal document written by Mohamed Akram for the Shura Council of the Muslim Brotherhood, HLF appears on a list of Brotherhood "friends" (Akram).
The Muslim Brotherhood is anything but Muslim. The party, which is considered the world's largest and oldest Islamist group, is actually a cult of neo-Gnostic immanentists. The Brotherhood re-conceptualizes the concept of jihad, which actually connotes a personal struggle, as an object of immanent experience. Thus, the spiritual conflict of orthodox Islam is transplanted within the ontological plane of the physical universe. Such an ontological transplantation is a defining feature of all sociopolitical Utopianism, as is evidenced by the myriad of earthly paradises envisioned by revolutionaries throughout history. While the concept of a worldly Heaven circulated under numerous appellations, it was always portrayed as a future that would be instantiated through the efforts of man himself. Historically, such immanentist crusades have resulted in wars, terrorism, and genocide. For instance, the immanentist crusade of Hitlerian fascism attempted to establish a Third Reich through eugenical regimentation. Their ideological kissing cousins, the communists, sought to establish the worker's paradise through the bloody revolution of Marxist dialectic. Neoconservatives, which are the progenies of Trotskyism, have attempted to establish a Pax Americana through the violent imperialism of the so-called "global democratic revolution." In the case of immanentist Muslims, factions like the Sufi Sunnis and Ismaili Shiites wage a jihad within the ontological confines of the visible world in hopes of achieving a universal submission to their perverted version of Islam. Some immanentist Muslims even believe in an immanent parousia, as is evidenced by the disturbing messianic claims of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Given its neo-Gnostic eschatology, the Muslim Brotherhood is merely another incarnation of the immanentist crusade.
The 1991 internal document written by Mohamed Akram for the Shura Council of the Muslim Brotherhood demonstrates the organization's immanentist interpretation of jihad. Entitled "An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Brotherhood in North America," the document states that the Brotherhood's activities in the United States represent "a kind of grand Jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within and 'sabotaging' its miserable house by their hands and the hands of the believers so that it is eliminated and God's religion is made victorious over all other religions" (Akram). The Muslim Brotherhood is deadly serious about their neo-Gnostic crusade. In "Ikhwan in America," a document over the Muslim Brotherhood that was released during the HLF trial, Brotherhood members are alleged to have travelled to camps where they engaged in weapons training, which the Brotherhood euphemistically refers to as "Special Work" ("Ikhwan in America"). The document also describes a Brotherhood method known as "Securing the Group," which amounts to little more than counterintelligence operations against the U.S. government (ibid).
The inauguration will not be the first time that Mattson has had an audience with the democratic wing of the Establishment. The ISNA president also spoke during the Interfaith Gathering at the 2008 Democratic National Convention ("Democratic Convention To Highlight Diverse Community of Faith Leaders Working Toward Common Good"). Before the new administration, the Bush White House also had contact with the Brotherhood and its allies. What happened to Obama's promise of change? When it comes to maintaining contact with America's enemies, it seems that Obama's pledge is null and void.
The U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project and the Muslim Brotherhood
Mattson is also a member of the U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project's Leadership Group ("U.S-Muslim Engagement Project: Leadership Group On U.S. Muslim Engagement"). While this organization claims to be creating and advocating a bipartisan strategy of improving relations between the U.S. and Muslim world, the real goal seems to be legitimizing the Muslim Brotherhood and other organizations involved in the neo-Gnostic "grand Jihad." In a document entitled "Changing Course: A New Direction for U.S. Relations with the Muslim World," the U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project promotes the U.S. government forging official ties with the Brotherhood. The document states:
The U.S. must also consider when and how to talk with political movements that have substantial public support and have renounced violence, but are outlawed or restricted by authoritarian governments allied to the U.S. The Muslim Brotherhood parties in Egypt and Jordan are arguably in this category. ("Changing Course: A New Direction for U.S. Relations with the Muslim World")
In order to convince the U.S. government to establish formal channels with the Brotherhood, the party's image must be cleaned up considerably. The U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project is not ignorant of this fact. "Changing Course" presents the Brotherhood as an organization that has abandoned violence and is pursuing more peaceful forms of political expression. The document elaborates:
After a period of violent opposition to the Egyptian government, the Brotherhood has moderated some of its goals and strategies as its candidates have been able to participate, tacitly in parliamentary elections. Other independent Islamist political parties have also begun to organize and compete, but the government continues to limit electoral competition. Given this context, the primary institution goal for the U.S. in Egypt should be to create opportunities for political participation and good governance at the local and national level. (ibid)
"Changing Course" also suggests that the United States' hesitance to fully engage in diplomacy with the Brotherhood bespeaks a frivolity that pervades America's attitude towards the liberalization of Islamic nations:
The U.S. has also sent mixed signals about its willingness to work with nonviolent Islamist parties, notably the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Jordan. This inconsistency reflects a belief shared among many policy makers that there are significant trade-offs between U.S. security interests and our commitment to political reform. Though understandable, these U.S. responses to militants and nonviolent Islamist parties have confirmed the view of many Muslim citizens and mainstream reformers that the U.S. is not serious about political liberalization in Muslim countries. (ibid)
Following these prescriptions would require the United States to abandon sound national security precautions. But placing Americans at risk does not seem to concern the U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project.
Enter Dennis Ross and the Neocons
The U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project is in a position to influence Obama. Dennis Ross, the former Middle East peace envoy under George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, provides the conduit. Ross is a member of the Leadership Group of the U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project ("U.S.-Muslim Engagement Project: Leadership Group On U.S. Muslim Engagement"). According to an Associated Press report, incoming secretary of state Hilary Clinton will most likely appoint Ross as a special advisor for the Middle East and Iran ("Incoming secretary of state Clinton to name Dennis Ross as top advisor on Mideast, Iran"). If Ross takes the job, he will be in a position to foster closer ties between the U.S. government and the Muslim Brotherhood. The already existing connection between the Brotherhood and the darker factions of our government and intelligence community may become an official and formal relationship that is no longer frowned upon.
If this unholy alliance gains legitimacy, the Muslim Brotherhood may become a weapon for those hawks and neoconservatives that survived the purge that accompanied the election of Obama. Ross is a neoconservative. Two documents confirm this contention. In the first document, entitled "Statement on Post-War Iraq," Ross joined with other neoconservatives in support of military intervention in Iraq ("Statement on Post-War Iraq"). In the second document, entitled "Second Statement on Post-War Iraq," Ross and his fellow neoconservatives supported then British Prime Minister Tony Blair's call for a closer partnership between America and Europe ("Second Statement on Post-War Iraq"). Both documents are part of the Project for the New American Century, a neoconservative plan, and Ross is a signatory on both.
The first installment of this series established that the election of Obama represented a major power shift in Washington away from the neoconservative faction of the power elite towards the Trilateral clique. This shift was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the likelihood of an invasion of Iran because the trilateralists favor recruiting Iran as an asset of the American Empire. Neoconservative operatives in the new administration such as Ross, however, may be able to revive neoconservative plans to invade Iran.
Ross has even helped prepare a document that proposes invasion as a viable option to dealing with Iran's attempts to procure nuclear weapons. Entitled "Meeting the Challenge: U.S. Policy Toward Iranian Nuclear Development," the document is the product of a bipartisan policy group and names Ross as a contributor ("Meeting the Challenge: U.S. Policy Toward Iranian Nuclear Development"). "Meeting the Challenge" states that there is a "military component" to "deterrence and containment" (ibid). The report suggests that the U.S. government "consider a declaration of automaticity" (ibid). This declaration would state: "In the event Iran or any suspect proxy utilizes nuclear weapons, Iran will be hit with a devastating retaliatory strike" (ibid). A "devastating retaliatory strike" may even employ nuclear weapons. The report states:
A nuclear deterrent strategy would require moving to a declared U.S. stance threatening the potential use of nuclear weapons should Iran ever use a nuclear weapon or allow its proxies to do so. (ibid)
The report goes on to reiterate this "nuclear deterrent strategy" theme:
The U.S. Administration may need to announce that it reserves the right to respond to any attack against itself or its allies with overwhelming force and, perhaps, nuclear weapons. (ibid)
America must be ready to make good on its threats and "must begin to prepare for such a response" (ibid). This means that the U.S. must "construct alliances needed to station U.S. forces in position to confront Iran" (ibid). Gulf Cooperation Council states such as Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Oman would be called upon to U.S. military forces to use key military facilities that America has access to under defense pacts formed after the 1991 Gulf War (ibid). But the U.S. must also seek "enhanced access to military facilities in countries East, West and North of Iran" (ibid). Overtures must be made toward states such as Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Turkey, and Pakistan in order "to gain their approval to host the U.S. forces and support the staff needed for military action" (ibid).
If the neoconservatives are able to sway the new president, invasion may be back on the table as a viable option. In such an event, the government may look to the Muslim Brotherhood to use its considerable influence and political clout in the Middle East to help build the alliance needed to make an invasion successful. The United States might have to use the religious differences between the Muslim Brotherhood and Iran. The Brotherhood is a Sunni organization while Shia Islam is the dominant religion of Iran. These differences could possibly motivate the Brotherhood to work towards a consensus among other Arab states concerning an invasion of Iran.
But the task may not be as easy as it sounds. In its bid to become a regional superpower, Iran has begun working past its religious differences with the Brotherhood in order to forge significant ties with the highly influential political movement. In 1992, Iran and Lebanese proxy, Hezbollah, began building the bridge by giving sanctuary to 415 leaders of Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood's offshoot in the Palestinian Gaza Strip (Baer 172-173). Iran has also forged considerable ties with the Islamic Action Front, the Muslim Brotherhood's branch in Jordan (178). Whatever the outcome of such efforts, one thing is apparent: the government, acting on behalf of various factions of the power elite, is now courting America's enemies. Such treason is intolerable, but will remain a permanent fixture of the Establishment that currently dominates the American political landscape. Only a restoration of the Constitution will change this sorry state of affairs.
Phillip D. Collins acted as the editor for The Hidden Face of Terrorism. He co-authored the book The Ascendancy of the Scientific Dictatorship, which is available at www.amazon.com. It is also available as an E-book at www.4acloserlook.com. Phillip has also written articles for Paranoia Magazine, MKzine, News With Views, B.I.P.E.D.: The Official Website of Darwinian Dissent and Conspiracy Archive. He has also been interviewed on several radio programs, including A Closer Look, Peering Into Darkness, From the Grassy Knoll, Frankly Speaking, the ByteShow, and Sphinx Radio.
In 1999, Phillip earned an Associate degree of Arts and Science. In 2006, he earned a bachelor's degree with a major in communication studies and liberal studies along with a minor in philosophy. During the course of his seven-year college career, Phillip has studied philosophy, religion, political science, semiotics, journalism, theatre, and classic literature. He recently completed a collection of short stories, poetry, and prose entitled Expansive Thoughts. Readers can learn more about it at www.expansivethoughts.com.
Paul D. Collins has studied suppressed history and the shadowy undercurrents of world political dynamics for roughly eleven years. In 1999, he earned his Associate of Arts and Science degree. In 2006, he completed his bachelor's degree with a major in liberal studies and a minor political science. Paul has authored another book entitled The Hidden Face of Terrorism: The Dark Side of Social Engineering, From Antiquity to September 11. Published in November 2002, the book is available online from www.1stbooks.com, barnesandnoble.com, and also amazon.com. It can be purchased as an e-book (ISBN 1-4033-6798-1) or in paperback format (ISBN 1-4033-6799-X). Paul also co-authored The Ascendancy of the Scientific Dictatorship.
A comprehensive collection of Collins articles can be found here.
Expediting the Grand Jihad: Barack Obama and the Muslim Brotherhood
Muslim Brotherhood
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25 Januari 2009 | 09:44:31
As these authors write these words, Israel is conducting a major ground assault in the Gaza Strip. Israeli ground troops and heavy armor have moved deep into the Gaza Strip ("Israeli forces split Gaza in two"). According to the BBC, the move has, in effect, cut the territory in two (ibid). This ground assault followed hot on the heels of Operation Cast Lead, a December 27-28 series of Israeli airstrikes conducted in Gaza in response to Hamas' refusal to renew the truce brokered by Egypt in the summer of 2008 (Khalil, "The already-strained Hamas-Egypt relationship sours"). Hamas had been launching rocket attacks into Israel since December 24, when no less than 70 rockets hit the small Jewish state, and Israel decided to strike back ("Israeli jets hit Hamas target, killing 1").
Doubtless, the conflict between Israel and Hamas is one of the many issues that Obama will have to address when he enters the Oval Office. Is the President-elect sincere in his opposition to the terrorists responsible for the current Middle East crisis? Obama has repeatedly condemned Hamas, calling the group a terrorist organization (Oinounou, "A Hamas problem for Obama?") The President-elect even went as far as to condemn former President Jimmy Carter for meeting with Hamas (ibid). But the words of Ahmed Yousef, a top Hamas political advisor, during a WABC interview, seem to suggest that Obama's opposition to Hamas may be a mere public relations ploy. During the interview, Yousef stated:
"We don't mind-actually we like Mr. Obama. We hope he will (win) the election and I do believe he is like John Kennedy, great man with great principle, and he has a vision to change America to make it in a position to lead the world community but not with domination and arrogance." (Ibid)
Why would Hamas support an Obama presidency? The answer may lie in a group known as the Muslim Brotherhood.
According to former CIA operative Robert Baer, Hamas was an offshoot of the Egyptian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood (172). Founded in 1928 by an Egyptian schoolteacher named Hassan al-Banna with the expressed purpose of purifying Islam, the Muslim Brotherhood is anything but a benign Muslim organization (172). According to Baer, the Brotherhood "is another of the cauldrons from which al Qaeda emerged" (172). Khalid Sheik Mohammed, the architect of the September 11 attacks, joined the Muslim Brotherhood at the age of sixteen and attended the Brotherhood's desert youth camps (Mintz and Farah, "In Search of Friends Among Foes"). Ayman Zawahiri, Osama bin Laden's deputy, was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood's Egyptian branch (ibid). According to Seymour Hersh, the Brotherhood may have even been involved in the September 11 attacks. Hersh states: "Many of the September 11th hijackers had operated out of cells in Aachen and Hamburg, where Al Qaeda was working with the Brotherhood" ("The Syrian Bet"). The Brotherhood's hatred of the United States was clearly expressed in a 1991 internal memorandum written by Mohamed Akram for the Shura Council of the Muslim Brotherhood. Entitled "An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Brotherhood in North America," the document states that the Brotherhood's activities in the United States represent:
a kind of grand Jihad in eliminating and destroying the Western civilization from within and "sabotaging" its miserable house by their hands and the hands of the believers so that it is eliminated and God's religion is made victorious over all other religions. (Akram)
Akram's memorandum failed to mention the powerful, white, English-speaking individuals that have given assistance to the Brotherhood's "grand Jihad." The Muslim Brotherhood is not only a radical and dangerous party; it is intimately tied to the power elite. This connection probably had its start prior to World War Two when British travel writer and intelligence agent Freya Stark forged an alliance between the Brotherhood and British intelligence (Dorril 622). Brotherhood collaboration with Western intelligence continued with an alliance between the Brotherhood and the CIA that began around 1955. According to former CIA agent Miles Copeland, it was around this time that America began looking for the Muslim equivalent of Billy Graham, hoping to use such a charismatic individual to influence the Arab world. When this failed, the Agency began forging ties with the Muslim Brotherhood (Aburish 60-61).
The connection between the Brotherhood and the power elite is perfectly illustrated by the party's audience with the Bush Administration. On June 20, 2007, the Bureau of Intelligence and Research at the State Department hosted a meeting with other intelligence community representatives to discuss the opening of "more formal channels" to the Muslim Brotherhood (Lake, "Bush Weighs Reaching Out to 'Brothers'"). One of the Brotherhood supporters at the June 20 meeting was Robert Leiken (ibid). Robert Leiken, a scholar at the Nixon Center, was commissioned by the National Intelligence Council to put together a paper on the history of the Muslim Brotherhood earlier in 2007 (ibid). According to administration officials, Leiken's paper to the National Intelligence Council drew the attention of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and senior members of the National Security Council (ibid). George W. Bush even encouraged Tariq al-Hashemi, the leader of the Iraq branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, to form an alliance to oppose Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki (Slavin, "Iraqi VP says Bush wants coalition to counter al-Sadr").
After his election victory, Barack Obama promised that change was on the way. Will that change include an end to Washington's contact with the Muslim Brotherhood? Unfortunately, there is evidence that the Brotherhood will maintain its audience with Washington circles during the Obama reign.
When the Obama campaign needed an individual to reach out to the Muslim community, it turned to Chicago lawyer Mazen Asbahi for help (Simpson and Chozick, "Obama's Muslim-Outreach Adviser Resigns"). But Asbahi's connections to the Muslim Brotherhood did more to raise questions than it did to bridge gaps. By August of 2008, Asbahi had resigned from his position as volunteer coordinator for Muslim American affairs for the Obama campaign (ibid).
Asbahi was the democrats' equivalent of GOP/Bush political operative Grover Norquist, meant to court Muslim American voters. And like Norquist, Asbahi had several radical associations that raised eyebrows and set off alarm bells. Eight years before taking up the Obama cause, Asbahi served on the Board of the Allied Asset Advisors (Spencer, "Obama's Muslim Outreach Problem"). Allied Asset Advisors is a subsidiary of the North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) (ibid). According to the 1991 internal memorandum authored by Akram for the Muslim Brotherhood, NAIT is part of the network conducting the Brotherhood's "grand jihad" ("An Explanatory Memorandum on the General Strategic Goal for the Brotherhood in North America"). NAIT is also connected to the Holy Land Foundation (HLF), an organization believed to be involved in the financing of Muslim Brotherhood offshoot Hamas (Josh Gerstein, "US: Facts Tie Muslim Groups To Hamas Front Case"). According to the prosecutors in the HLF case, NAIT has an "intimate relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood" (ibid).
When the Wall Street Journal and other media organs began raising questions, Asbahi quickly went to work on damage control. The Chicago lawyer claimed he resigned from Allied Asset Advisors' board immediately after learning about fellow board member Jamal Said's connection to Hamas (Simpson and Chozick, "Obama's Muslim-Outreach Adviser Resigns"). However, Asbahi later admitted that his resignation from the Obama campaign was purely a "strategic decision," suggesting that the explanation for his involvement in the Allied Asset Advisors was contrived (Spencer, "Obama's Muslim Outreach Problem"). Asbahi's alibi further disintegrated on September 15, 2008 when the former Muslim liaison met with members of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) (ibid). CAIR's parent organization, the Islamic Association for Palestine, is named in Akram's Muslim Brotherhood memorandum as part of the Brotherhood's "grand jihad" network (ibid). Asbahi's resignation did not end the Obama campaign's love affair with the Muslim Brotherhood. Also present at the September 15, 2008 meeting was Asbahi's replacement as the Obama campaign's Muslim liaison, Minha Husaini (ibid).
Obama may also connect to the Muslim Brotherhood through his old Chicago mob friends. Antoin "Tony" Rezko, a Syrian-American political fundraiser and Chicago real estate developer provides the bridge. On June 4, 2008, Rezko was found guilty in federal court on 16 corruption charges ("Rezko begins serving time immediately"). It seems that when Rezko wasn't busy helping his friends in the Illinois political scene, such as scandal-embroiled Governor Rod Blagojevich and Obama, he was knee-deep in a kickback scheme that involved taking bribes from companies that desired state contracts (ibid).
Obama owes a lot to his good friend Tony. Rezko began his career as Obama's political godfather in 1995, when two of his food companies contributed $2,000 to Obama's campaign (Novak, "Obama and his Rezko ties"). It was the beginning of a beautiful political friendship. Rezko helped bankroll Obama in five election runs (Fusco, et al., "Obama explains Rezko relationship to Sun-Times"). After some ducking and weaving, Obama admitted to receiving $250,000 from Rezko's fundraising efforts (ibid). According to the Chicago Sun-Times, this amount was "about $100,000 more than had previously been disclosed and about five times more than Obama conveyed during a November 2006 question-and-answer exchange with the Sun-Times" (ibid). Standing behind Rezko is Talat Othman, a leader in the American Muslim community in Illinois and an extremely successful Arab American businessman. It was Othman who introduced Rezko to former Illinois governor Jim Edgar and it was Othman who aided Rezko in gaining access to Illinois political circles (Hanania, "Arabs in Chicago discover political clout and controversy"). Rezko was also recognized as "Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Othman's Arab-American Business and Professional Association (ibid).
Othman has a close relationship with M. Yaqub Mirza, a naturalized Pakistani businessman and physicist (Trento 336). Othman and Mirza were co-chairmen of the Islamic Society of North America 2001 Convention (336). The two were also involved in Amana Mutual Funds Trust, an Islamic mutual fund which, according to investigative journalist Joseph Trento, "specializes in investments that are consonant with Islamic beliefs" (336). Othman sits on Amana's board and Mirza served as the mutual fund's chairman (336).
On March 20, 2002 a U.S. Treasury task force known as Green Quest raided 14 homes and businesses believed to be involved in terrorism financing that were affiliated with Mirza (Guidera and Simpson, "Agents Raid Properties Affiliated with Chairman of Islamic Fund"). According to Guidera and Simpson, the Green Quest investigators were "most interested in Mr. Mirza's role as an officer in the Saar Foundation, a nonprofit started in the 1970s by members of the Saudi Arabia's al-Rajihi family, which has interest in banking, construction, and real estate" (ibid). Stephen Schwartz identifies the Saar Foundation as the "keystone" to the Mirza-related network ("Wahhabis in the Old Dominion").
The hidden hand of the Muslim Brotherhood can be identified through the Saar Foundation's connection with a shell company known as Al-Taqwa (Schwartz, "Wahhabis in the Old Dominion"). The Al-Taqwa shell game was originally based in Switzerland and had as one of its leading figures a notorious Nazi disciple named Ahmed Huber (ibid). It was an extensive network that included companies based in the Bahamas, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein (Hosenball, "Attacking the Money Machine"). Al Taqwa even had a foothold in the United States until after September 11 when its assets were frozen and its operations were shut down by a U.S. presidential order ("Wahhabis in the Old Dominion"). According to a Newsweek investigation, the Al Taqwa network "was set up in the 1980s by prominent members of the Muslim Brotherhood" ("Attacking the Money Machine"). Al-Taqwa' chairman, Youssef Nada, even admitted to being a member of the Brotherhood for 50 years (ibid).
Apparently, the Green Quest raids made Othman extremely nervous. Two weeks after the raids, Othman and several other Muslim activists met with Secretary of the Treasury Paul O'Neill to protest the raids (Trento 337). Was Othman afraid that the investigation would connect him to the Muslim Brotherhood's plan for a "grand jihad"? Four individuals who were targets of the investigation were affiliated with Amana, the mutual fund where Othman serves as a trustee (337). It is also interesting to note that another Amana board member, Samir Salah, is known to have ran a Caribbean branch of the Muslim Brotherhood's Al-Taqwa network ("Wahhabis in the Old Dominion").
When Obama tries to downplay his connections to Rezko, is he merely trying to conceal his poor judgement in the realm of campaign finance? The 44th President may be trying to hide a much more disturbing reality from the eyes of the public. That reality is the fact that our own government, in league with the power elite, will continue collaborating with America's enemies. The "grand Jihad" proclaimed by Akram in his 1991 memorandum does not only constitute the Muslim Brotherhood's crusade to destroy Western civilization. It also constitutes the power elites's war on the plebians.
Iran
Obama's Muslim Brotherhood connections may motivate him to go soft on Hamas when it comes time for him to deal with the current Middle East crisis. The Muslim Brotherhood is still very close to its Hamas offshoot. If the new administration was too supportive of Israel in its efforts to end the terrorist attacks, it could potentially alienate its Muslim Brotherhood connections.Those connections may prove useful when the new administration unveils its plans for Iran.
According to investigative researcher Webster Tarpley, power in Washington has shifted away from the neocon "rogue" faction of the elite to the Trilateral faction that stands behind Obama ("US Policy Shift On Iran-Iraq Again Shows Brzezinski Rules In Washington"). This faction seeks to redirect the American Empire's hostilities away from Iran and focus them on Russia and China (ibid). Such a plan requires that Iran be transformed into an asset, which means that Tehran's efforts to procure nuclear weapons may even be tolerated, so long as Iran is willing to act as a nuclear proxy of the American Empire (ibid). Iran has long desired to revive the Persian Empire, and Trilateralists such as Carter's former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski believe that they can insure that a revived Persian Empire is merely an extension of the American Empire.
For Obama, diplomacy really means imperial recruitment. The Muslim Brotherhood could provide the bridge in the recruitment process. According to Robert Baer, Iran has substantial ties with Jordan's branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, known as the Islamic Action Front (178). Hamas, the Muslim Brotherhood offshoot currently fighting with Israel, is also extremely close to Iran. Iran first began establishing contact with Hamas in 1992, when Israel expelled 415 members of Hamas's leadership as punishment for their involvement in the first intifada, which was a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule (172). When the exiled leaders crossed the border into Jordan, they found Hezbollah, a Shi'a paramilitary organization that acts as Iran's Lebanese proxy, waiting for them with open arms (172). Hezbollah provided the Hamas leaders with tents, clothes, and food (172-173). A few days later, an Iranian Revolutionary Guard officer also arrived on the scene to provide assistance to the Hamas leaders (173). Without a doubt, the Muslim Brotherhood and Iran are becoming extremely close as Iran attempts to co-opt every major movement and political party in the region as part of its bid for empire.
The Obama administration may wish to use its connection to the Muslim Brotherhood as a means of establishing diplomatic channels with Iran. But that means the new President may not be as supportive of Israel in its struggle with Hamas. Obama may even pressure Israel to come to the table of diplomacy and establish yet another truce with Hamas. The 1988 Hamas Covenant, however, painfully illustrates why peace overtures on Israel's part would be an act of folly. Article seven of the covenant states:
"The Day of Judgement will not come about until Moslems fight the Jews (killing the Jews), when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees. The stones and trees will say O Moslems, O Abdulla, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him. Only the Gharkad tree, (evidently a certain kind of tree) would not do that because it is one of the trees of the Jews." ("Hamas Covenant 1988")
Article 28 reiterates the document's anti-Jewish theme when it states: "Israel, Judaism, and Jews challenge Islam and Muslim people. 'May the cowards never sleep.'" ("Hamas Covenant 1988"). Obviously, the idea of Israel establishing a truce with a group that adheres to such ideas is unthinkable. It would merely give Hamas an opportunity to lick its wounds and continue to prepare for the day when it hopes to finally wipe Israel from the face of the earth.
These authors believe that history will characterize the Obama administration's attempts at diplomacy with Iran as a lost opportunity. Iran has been a hotbed of radicalism ever since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Instead of facilitating Iran's departure from radicalism, Obama and his puppeteers will work to turn the radicals against the American Empire's competitors, such as Russia and China. A chance to move Iran in a moderate direction will slip away as Obama and his Establishment handlers try to employ the country as an asset in their fight for dominance in the New World Order. In the process, Obama will help expedite the Brotherhood's "grand Jihad."
Phillip D. Collins acted as the editor for The Hidden Face of Terrorism. He co-authored the book The Ascendancy of the Scientific Dictatorship, which is available at www.amazon.com. It is also available as an E-book at www.4acloserlook.com. Phillip has also written articles for Paranoia Magazine, MKzine, News With Views, B.I.P.E.D.: The Official Website of Darwinian Dissent and Conspiracy Archive. He has also been interviewed on several radio programs, including A Closer Look, Peering Into Darkness, From the Grassy Knoll, Frankly Speaking, the ByteShow, and Sphinx Radio.
In 1999, Phillip earned an Associate degree of Arts and Science. In 2006, he earned a bachelor's degree with a major in communication studies and liberal studies along with a minor in philosophy. During the course of his seven-year college career, Phillip has studied philosophy, religion, political science, semiotics, journalism, theatre, and classic literature. He recently completed a collection of short stories, poetry, and prose entitled Expansive Thoughts. Readers can learn more about it at www.expansivethoughts.com.
Paul D. Collins has studied suppressed history and the shadowy undercurrents of world political dynamics for roughly eleven years. In 1999, he earned his Associate of Arts and Science degree. In 2006, he completed his bachelor's degree with a major in liberal studies and a minor political science. Paul has authored another book entitled The Hidden Face of Terrorism: The Dark Side of Social Engineering, From Antiquity to September 11. Published in November 2002, the book is available online from www.1stbooks.com, barnesandnoble.com, and also amazon.com. It can be purchased as an e-book (ISBN 1-4033-6798-1) or in paperback format (ISBN 1-4033-6799-X). Paul also co-authored The Ascendancy of the Scientific Dictatorship.
A comprehensive collection of Collins articles can be found here.
tijdens mijn studie is mij duidelijk geworden dat
konflikten gevoed worden doordat twee tegengestelde polariteiten hun
verschillen benadrukken, waarbij hun overeenkomsten verloren gaan.
wanneer we naar de huidige hartverscheurende taferelen kijken die zich
de afgelopen dagen en weken afspelen in de gaza strook of hoe dat
gebied ook heten mag, dan zijn we geneigd partij te kiezen. zo zal voor
iemand die houdt van 'eerlijk oorlogvoeren met gelijke kansen en gelijke
wapens' het moeilijk te accepteren zijn dat er aan joodse kant minder
slachtoffers en gesneuvelden te betreuren zijn dan aan de palestijnse
kant. met andere woorden: 'de joden zijn buitenproportioneel bezig'.
weer een ander zal er op wijzen dat een volk dat in het verleden al
zoveel geleden heeft onder diaspora, holocaust, shoah en gaskamer
inmiddels het alleenrecht heeft gekregen om voor eens en altijd haar
voortbestaan veilig te stellen zonder voorbehoud van middelen.
in de media - en dit hoeft niet eens een projekt te zijn van de orden - is
er een neiging om partij te kiezen. de belgische omroep canvas is
uitgesproken op de hand van de palestijnen, de debiele minister-president
van nederland die maar niet op wil stappen is een jodenvriend. en ik zeg:
beide partijen, beide kampen zijn fout, hebben ongelijk, zijn dom. want
men kijkt niet naar de oorsprong die de kern vormt van dit langste
konflikt van het wereldtoneel. die ligt namelijk in iets, wat niet bestaat.
de oorsprong ligt in de premisse, dat aan een bepaalde groep mensen is
voorgehouden dat ze geen mens zijn, maar jood. joods zijn, hebreeuws
zijn. hen is voorgehouden dat dat hun ware zelf is, hun indentiteit is, hun
kultuur is. aan een ander groep mensen is verzwegen dat ze ook mens
zijn. hen is gezegd dat zij arabisch zijn, palestijn zijn, muzelman en
moslima zijn. daarna is het aangebrachte wereldbeeld - een spel met 'dit
is uw ware, belangrijke, essentiële identiteit die nooit verloren mag
gaan!' - voltooid door aan beide kunstmatig gecreëerde
volkskultuur-identiteiten te benadrukken dat de ander uw nemesis,
uw bestaansvijand is: 'joden, wees er op bedacht dat de arabier, de
moslim u het leven niet gunt'. 'palestijn, ziet hoe de jood lelijk is tegen
u!'. en zo gaat het maar door. daarna is dit concept, dit 'format' in
werkelijkheid uitgevoerd als zijnde een soort van 'wishful thinking' /
'self fulfilling prophecy' projekt.
het joods-palestijns konflikt wordt dus gevoed door het volledig
vastgeroeste en welhaast nooit meer te ontdooien idee dat de
respectievelijke identiteiten, en daarmee de bijbehorende kultuur, koste
wat kost behouden, beoefend, bedreven moeten blijven. het besef, de
inzicht dat dit helemaal niet zo hoeft te zijn, dat juist dit beide partijen in
hun uitzichtloze situatie gijzelt, komt bij hen in het geheel niet op. er is in
de wereld geen mens die zich jood noemt, die geen keppeltje draagt in
zijn synagoge. er is in de wereld geen mens die zich muzelman noemt,
die met schoenen aan loopt in zijn moskee. zij beseffen niet dat alle
ellende voortvloeit uit hun eigen debiele, volledig obsolete tradities van
hun here god gedoe. zij beseffen niet dat zij zichzelf gijzelen met hun
respectievelijke religies, godsdienst, hun geloof in iets wat er niet is. het
betreft in feite een voormalig, zoals gezegd obsoleet decor der kb'ers,
dat destijds werkbaar was maar nu niet meer. het dient daarom
afgeschaft te worden: religies, godsdiensten, tradities. let wel: ik heb het
over het maatschappelijk beeld ervan, over de duidingen die 'geloven in
god' in de maatschappij heeft. codisch is het uiteraard een andere zaak.
daar is een jood een omhooggaande kauwer, en een palestijn een
benedenliggende woestijnpaleis paal oog. het probleem is dat vervelende
kb'ers door de hele mensgeschiedenis heen code naar maatschappij
doorgetrokken hebben! daardoor zitten we anno 2009 nog met debiele
dingen als: 'als jood bewaar ik melk en vlees in de keuken gescheiden',
en: 'als moslim eet ik uitsluitend halal vlees'. dat is allemaal debiel
en - maatschappelijk - volstrekt onzinnig, maar de domme mensen
houden zich eraan vast.
god bestaat wel, maar dat is iets heel wat anders. alleen bekend bij 'zij
die er van zijn'. en dat snappen kan pas als je zelf zover bent, verder
kijkt dan je neus lang is, meer er over hebt nagedacht dan de
gemiddelde jood of moslim... dit houdt dus in dat geen enkele pastoor,
dominee, imam of rabbi eigenlijk echt weet wie, wat god is! eerder is het
zo dat een filmregisseur, nobelprijs-literatuur schrijver, dance producer
en choreograaf wél weet wie, wat god is, wie, wat wij mensen zijn!
het eerste wat de betrokken partijen, beide kampen, door moeten
hebben is, dat het konflikt ooit heel lang geleden is ontstaan uit een
kunstmatig aangebrachte kultuur-identiteitsverschil die er niet is: joden
zijn geen joden, maar mensen. moslims zijn geen moslims, maar
mensen. het zijn aan beide zijden mensen met dezelfde noden, dezelfde
wensen, verwachtingen, dezelfde verlangens naar een veilig en gezond
bestaan. eenieder van hen - ongeacht van welk kamp ook - verlangt naar
geluk. en juist hun onwrikbare geloof in respectievelijk mozes en
mohammed staat hun wederzijds verlangen naar een menswaardig,
gezond en gelukkig, veilig levensbestaan in de weg. omdat ze geloven
dat ze als jood toch steeds gepest zijn geweest en gepest zullen blijven
door onbeschaafde arabieren en moslims. omdat ze als maatschappelijk
kansarme palestijnen geloven dat de egoistische, arrogante, rijke
jood hun toch geen waardig levensbestaan gunt...
zijn er dan joden en palestijnen die dit gevangenschap van geest - waarin
ze veroordeeld zijn om de pest an mekaar te hebben - voorbij zijn? ja,
die zijn er. het zijn de kunstenaars. een joodse schrijver, filmregiseur of
deejay beseft dat hij in de eerste plaats mens is, daarna artiest,
kunstenaar. een joodse deejay met een keppetje op is raar. want
deejayen zit in het universum-wereldbeeld van hen die allang beseffen
dat zij mens, artiest zijn. een palestijnse artiest - of hij nou schrijver is of
filmmaker, choreograaf, doet er niet toe - beseft eveneens - mits hij echt
artiest is - dat ook hij in de eerste plaats mens is, met dezelfde noden en
behoeften en kwetsbaarheden en verlangens en lichaamsfunkties als een
jood, christen of boeddhist. dus daarom kunnen kunstenaars onderling
over de hele wereld eerder het wel met elkaar vinden, dan een persoon
die zich in de eerste plaats ziet als joodse rabbi of moslim imam, of
christen priester of nederlands-hervormd dominee, etc.
waardoor kunnen kunstenaars van allerlei nationaliteiten het eerder wel
met elkaar vinden (denk aan een bonte internationale filmploeg van een
grote filmproduktie die goed op elkaar ingespeeld is, goed met elkaar kan
samenwerken) dan bijvoorbeeld het beperkte denken van enerzijds
balkenende en naftaniël, en anderzijds de 'haat-imams' en de 'schoffies'
van marokkanse jongeren?
omdat ware kunstenaars kennis hebben van de mystieke kennis, de KvZ:
dat wat wij werkelijk zijn, dat wat de mens is, dat wat, wie god is - dat
waar alle kunstwerken, films, liedjes, toneelstukken, opera's, musicals,
architectonische bouwwerken werkelijk over gaan. als je dat weet, en ook
voor jezelf hebt uitgezocht, gecheckt, beredeneerd en doorhebt, dan weet
je dat dit waar is: wij zijn allemaal mensen met dezelfde noden en
behoeften. wie zegt dat hij jood is en zich pas veilig kan voelen als
alle palestijnen zijn uitgemoord, beperkt zichzelf. is net zo knettergek als
hij, die zich hamas-lid noemt en vindt dat palestina pas mogelijk is als de
joodse staat vernietigd is. beiden denken dan namelijk zeer primitief en
zitten dan nog steeds in het oorlogs-spel van 'mijn godsdienst, mijn
geloof, religie, kultuur is beter en echter en warer dan de jouwe', en
heeft niet door hoe het echt zit, blijft daardoor dom. verspilt zijn energie
aan een systeem dat bedoeld is om de mens gevangen te houden,
onderling te verdelen zodat zij die wel weten hoe het echt zit maar
zelf te lelijk zijn om hun medemens te helpen (omdat ze zelf de macht
willen houden ten koste van hen die dommer zijn dan hun) de baas
kunnen blijven. zo lelijk zijn die mensen.
en zolang dat besef aan beide kanten er niet is, staat het elkaar
uitmoorden op het dagelijkse menu. let wel: dat wordt dan uitgevoerd
door de domme mensen aan beide kanten. de beramers van het spel
zitten zelf buiten schot, denken met hun lelijke gedoe mee weg te kunnen
komen. (vraag je af wat er van de wapen-industrie terecht moet komen,
als er nooit meer nergens oorlog is in de wereld. hoe moet het dan met
hun werkgelegenheid en omzet en produktie-voorraden en topsalarissen
en bonussen?) het is triest, maar het is niet anders. wanneer men zich
afvraagt: 'is het wel zo, wat ik allemaal met de paplepel ingegoten krijg?'
en vervolgens op zoek gaat naar hoe het nu echt zit, is welkom om
verder te komen in het leven, en zal uiteindelijk ontsnappen aan de
gevangenis waarin eenieder bij geboorte ingetuind is, omdat de info over
wie, wat wij zijn, over wie, wat god is, hem, haar werd onthouden. opdat,
zodat hij machteloos staat tegenover hen die de macht hebben en dat ten
koste van anderen willen behouden.
ik zit bij de edukatieve tak van een jonge mystieke Orde (1986) die
eenieder - die daaraan toe is en dat ook aankan - de mogelijkheid wil
bieden om te leren begrijpen hoe alles echt in mekaar zit. daarvoor is de
kennismakingskursus most (mysticism, occultism, spirituality, technology)
in 2002 - het jaar dat het mystiek boek The Magicalbum in de
wereld kwam - in het leven geroepen. maar let wel: omdat het dragen
van de ultieme kennis - de KvZ - zeer grote verantwoordelijkheid vereist,
zijn de toelatingsvoorwaarden tot de kursus niet mis. het is namelijk
alleen voor degenen die daar ook aan toe zijn. maar als je je
verantwoord kunt gedragen en over voldoende intellect hebt om de in de
lessen uitgelegde info te snappen, dan gaat er een wereld voor je open
omdat je dan ook zelf weet hoe het zit. niemend die je daarna nog kan
neppen! en uiteraard zullen de lelijkerds van alles verzinnen om deze
kursus zodanig negatief af te schilderen, zodat je animo om deze kursus
te volgen verdwijnt...
mijn voorstel is dus: christenen, joden, moslims,
etc. hou op met het zomaar geloven in de here god en de stomme,
debiele, obsolete, retardische gebruiken en tradities daarvan! dan blijf je
dom en beperkt. dat is namelijk allemaal nep! god en duivel bestaan
namelijk niet, althans niet in het wereldbeeld zoals jullie daar doorgaans
van hebben! het zit allemaal heel, heel anders in elkaar!
de eenvoudige oplossing voor dit langst durende konflikt ter wereld
(reeds in de bijbel beschreven: mozes, aaron, het beloofde land, de
filistijnen: palestijnen) is zoals elders in de nederlandse media (dagblad
de pers) door een collega-redakteur gezegd. joden en palestijnen zouden
tegen elkaar kunnen zeggen: 'i love you'. want jij en ik zijn allebei
mensen. zoals ik van mijzelf hou, hou ik ook van jou: 'I Love Myself... I
Love You', toevallig ook nog eens het één na laatste Werk van
de Magicalbum!
naschrift:
aangezien mijn Orde volledig ontkend wordt door de gevestigde orde,
heeft het geen zin dit persbericht voor plaatsing aan te bieden aan media
zoals wikipedia, de volkskrant, nrc handelsblad of elsevier's magazine. zij
hebben altijd onze persberichten afgewezen voor plaatsing. daarom staat
het hier, op deze plek. eenieder die dit artikel belangwekkend genoeg
vindt om het verder te publiceren, te distribueren, mag, kan het met
bronvermelding overnemen en plaatsen waar hij of zij het maar wilt.
eva.
eva surga (1978, indonesia) is grandmaster in the
order of the society of the cat people founded 886 cs. she lectures most
(mysticism, occultism, spirituality, technology) in amsterdam,
netherlands. this article was originally published in catsociety.nl. (C) 2009
eva surga.
auteur: eva surga / bron: www.catsociety.nl / publikatiedatum: 190109
THE EXECUTION OF THE IMPERIAL FAMILY
Romanov History
|
17 Januari 2009 | 14:34:38
YUROVSKY'S ACCOUNT
OF
THE EXECUTION OF THE IMPERIAL FAMILY
February 1, 1934:
On the 16th in the morning I dispatched the little cook, the boy Sednev, under the pretext that there would be a meeting with his uncle who had come to Sverdlovsk. It caused anxiety among the prisoners. Botkin, the usual intermediary, and then one of the daughters asked about Sednev - where, why and for how long he had been taken away - because Alexei missed him. Having received an explanation, they went away apparently calmed down. I prepared 12 revolvers and designated who would shoot whom. Comrade Filipp [Goloshchyokin] told me that a truck would arrive at midnight; the people coming would say a password; we would let them pass and hand over the corpses to them to carry away and bury. At about 11 o'clock at night on July 16 I assembled the men again, handed out the revolvers and announced that soon we had to begin liquidating the prisoners. I told Pavel Medvedev he had to check the guard outside and inside thoroughly. He and the guard commander had to keep constant watch over the area around the house and in the house where the external guard was stationed and to maintain communications with me. I also told him that at the last moment, when everything was ready for the execution, he had tell the guards and the others in the detachment not to worry about any shots they might hear from the house, and not to leave the premises. If there were any unusual amount of unrest, he was to notify me through the established line of communication.
The truck did not arrive until half past one. The extra wait caused some anxiety - waiting in general, and the short night especially. Only when the truck had arrived (or after telephone calls that it was on the way) did I go to wake the prisoners. Botkin slept in the room nearest to the entrance. He came out and asked me what the matter was. I told him to wake everybody, because there was unrest in the town and it was dangerous for them to remain on the top floor. I said I would move them to another place. Gathering everybody consumed a lot of time, about 40 minutes. When the family had dressed, I led them to the room in the basement that had been designated earlier. It must be said here that when Comrade Nikulin and I thought up our plan, we did not consider beforehand that, one, the windows would let out noise; two, the victims would be standing next to a brick wall; and finally, three (It was impossible to foresee this), the firing would occur in an uncoordinated way. That should not have happened. Each man had one person to shoot and so everything should have been all right. The causes of the disorganized firing became clear later. Although I told [the victims] through Botkin that they did not have to take anything with them they collected various small things - pillows, bags and so on and, it seems to me, a small dog.
Having gone down to the room (At the entrance to the room, on the right there was a very wide window), I ordered them to stand along the wall. Obviously, at that moment they did not imagine what awaited them. Alexandra Feodrovna said "There are not even chairs here." Nicholas was carrying Alexei. He stood in the room with him in his arms. Then I ordered a couple of chairs. On one of them, to the right of the entrance, almost in the corner, Alexandra Feodrovna sat down. The daughters and Demidova stood next to her, to the left of the entrance. Beside them Alexei was seated in the armchair. Behind him Dr. Botkin, the cook and the others stood. Nicholas stood opposite Alexei. At the same time I ordered the men to go down and to be ready in their places when the command was given. Nicholas had put Alexei on the chair and stood in such a way, that he shielded him. Alexei sat in the left corner from the entrance, and so far as I can remember, I said to Nicholas approximately this: His royal and close relatives inside the country and abroad were trying to save him, but the Soviet of Workers' Deputies resolved to shoot them. He asked "What?" and turned toward Alexei. At that moment I shot him and killed him outright. He did not get time to face us to get an answer. At that moment disorganized, not orderly firing began. The room was small, but everybody could come in and carry out the shooting according to the set order. But many shot through the doorway. Bullets began to ricochet because the wall was brick. Moreover, the firing intensified when the victims shouts arose. I managed to stop the firing but with great difficulty.
A bullet, fired by somebody in the back, hummed near my head and grazed either the palm or finger (I do not remember) of somebody. When the firing stopped, it turned out that the daughters, Alexandra Feodrovna and, it seems, Demidova and Alexei too, were alive. I think they had fallen from fear or maybe intentionally, and so they were alive. Then we proceeded to finish the shooting. (Previously I had suggested shooting at the heart to avoid a lot of blood). Alexei remained sitting petrified. I killed him. They shot the daughters but did not kill them. Then Yermakov resorted to a bayonet, but that did not work either. Finally they killed them by shooting them in the head. Only in the forest did I finally discover the reason why it had been so hard to kill the daughters and Alexandra Feodrovna.
After the shooting it was necessary to carry away the corpses, but it was a comparatively long way. How could we do it? Somebody came up with an idea: stretchers. (We did not think about it earlier.) We took shafts from the sledges and, it seems, put sheets on them. Having confirmed they were dead, we began to carry them out. It was discovered that traces of blood would be everywhere. I said to get some smooth woolen military cloth immediately and put some of it onto the stretchers and then line the truck with it. I directed Mikhail Medvedev to take the corpses. He was a Cheka man then and currently works in the GPU. He and Pyotr Zakharovich Yermakov had to take the bodies and take them away. When they had removed the first corpse somebody said (I do not remember exactly who it was) that someone had taken some valuables. Then I understood that evidently there had been valuables in the things that they had brought with them. I stopped the removal immediately, assembled the men and demanded the valuables be returned. After some denial, two men returned the valuables they had taken.
After I threatened the looters with shooting, I removed those two and ordered Comrade Nikulin (as far as I remember) to escort the bodies, having warned him about valuables. I first collected everything - the things they had taken and other things as well - and I sent all of it to the commandant's office.
Comrade Filipp [Goloshchyokin], apparently sparing me (My health was not very good), told me not to go to the "funeral" but I worried very much about disposing of the corpses properly. So I decided to go personally, and it turned out I did the right thing. Otherwise, all the corpses would wind up in the hands of the White Guards. It is easy to imagine how they would have exploited the situation.
After instructions were given to wash and clean everything, at about three o'clock or even a little later, we left. I took several men from the internal guards. I did not know where the corpses were supposed to be buried, as I have said. Filipp Goloshchyokin had assigned that to Comrade Yermakov (By the way it seems it was Pavel Vedvedev who told me that night that he had seen Comrade Filipp, when he was running to the team. Comrade Filipp was walking back and forth all the time near the house, apparently because he was anxious about how everything would turn out). Yermakov drove us somewhere at the Verkh-Isetsky Works. I was never at that place and did not know it. At about two-three versts (or maybe more) from the Verkh-Isetsky Works, a whole escort of people on horseback or in carriages met us. I asked Yermakov who these people were, why they were there. He answered that he had assembled those people. I still do not know why there were so many. I heard only shouts "We thought they would come here alive, but it turns out they are dead." Also, it seems about three-four versts farther our truck got stuck between two trees. There where we stopped several of Yermakov's people were stretching out girls' blouses. We discovered again that there were valuables and they were taking them. I ordered that men be posted to keep anyone from coming near the truck.
The truck was stuck and could not move. I asked Yermakov, "Is it still far to the chosen place?" He said "Not far, beyond railroad beds." And there behind the trees was a marsh. Bogs were everywhere. I wondered "Why had he herded in so many people and horses. If only there had been carts instead of carriages." But there was nothing we could do. We had to unload to lighten the truck, but that did not help. Then I ordered them to load the carriages, because it was already light and we did not have time to wait any longer. Only at daybreak did we come to the famous "gully". Several steps from the mine where the burial had been planned, peasants were sitting around the fire, apparently having spent the night at the hayfield. On the way me met several people. It became impossible to carry on our work in sight of them. It must be said, the situation had become difficult. Everything might come to nothing. At that moment I still did not know that the mine would not meet our needs at all. And those damned valuables! Just then I did not know that there was so much of them or that the people Yermakov had recruited were unsuitable for the project. Yes, it was too much! I had to disperse the people. I found out we had gone about 15-16 versts from the city and had driven to the village of Koptyaki, two or three versts from there. We had to cordon the place off at some distance, and we did it. Besides that, I sent an order to the village to keep everybody out, explaining that the Czech Legion was not far away, that our units had assembled here and that it was dangerous to be here. I ordered the men to turn back anybody to the village and to shoot any stubborn, disobedient persons if that did not work. Another group of men was sent to the town because they were not needed. Having done all of this, I ordered [the men] to load the corpses and to take off the clothes for burning, that is, to destroy absolutely everything they had, to remove any additional incriminating evidence if the corpses were somehow discovered. I ordered bonfires. When we began to undress the bodies, we discovered something on the daughters and on Alexandra Feodrovna. I do not remember exactly what she had on, the same as on the daughters or simply things that had been sewed on. But the daughters had on bodices almost entirely of diamonds and [other] precious stones. Those were not only places for valuables but protective armor at the same time. That is why neither bullets nor bayonets got results. By the way, only they had guilt in their dying agony. The valuables turned out to be about one-half pud. Greed was so great that on Alexandra Feodrovna, by the way, there was simply an enormous piece of round gold wire, turned out as a sheer bracelet and weighing about one pound. All the valuables were ripped out immediately, so that it would not be necessary to carry the bloody rags around with us. Valuables discovered by the White Guards were undoubtedly related to those sewed into other things. After burning, they remained in the ashes. Several diamonds were handed over to me the next day by Comrades who had found them there. How did they overlook the other valuables? They had enough time for it. Most likely they simply did not figure it out. By the way, one has to suppose that some valuables will be returned to us through Torgsin ["Trade with foreigners" stores], because they were probably picked up by the peasants of the Koptyaki village after our departure. The valuables had been collected, the things had been burned and the completely naked corpses had been thrown into the mine. From that very moment new problems began. The water just barely covered the bodies. What should we do? We had the idea of blowing up the mines with bombs to cover them, but nothing came of it. I saw that the funeral had achieved nothing and that it was impossible to leave things that way. It was necessary to begin all over again. But what should we do? Where should we put the corpses? About at 2 p.m. I decided to go to the town, because it was clear that we had to extract the corpses from the mine and to carry them to another place. Even the blind could discover them. Besides, the place was exposed. People had seen something was going on there. I set up posts, guards in place, and took the valuables and left. I went to the regional executive committee and reported to the authorities how bad things were. Comrade Safarov and somebody else (I do not remember who) listened but said nothing. Then I found Filipp [Goloshchyokin] and explained to him we had to transfer the corpses to another place. When he agreed I proposed to send people to raise the corpses. At the same time I ordered him to take bread and food because the men were hungry and exhausted, not having slept for about 24 hours. They had to wait for me there. It turned out to be difficult to get to the corpses and lift them out. The men got very exhausted doing it. Apparently they were at it all night because they went there late.
I went to the town executive committee, to Sergei Yergerovich Chutskayev who was its chairman at the time to ask for advice. Maybe he knew of a place. He proposed a very deep abandoned mine on the Moscow high road. I got a car, took someone from the regional Cheka with me, Polushin, it seems, and someone else and we left. But one and a half versts away from the appointed place the car broke down. The driver was left to repair it, and we went on foot. We looked over the place and decided it was good. The only problem was to avoid onlookers. Some people lived near the place and we decided to come and take them away to the town and after the project let them come back. That was our decision. We came back to the car but it had to be towed. I decided to wait for a passing car. A while later some people rode up on two horses. I stopped them. The fellows seemed to know me. They were hurrying to the plant. With great reluctance they gave us the horses.
While we rode another plan took shape: burn the corpses. But nobody knew how to do it. Polushin seems to have said they already knew that because nobody really knew how it would come out. I was still considering the mines on the Moscow high road and then transportation. I decided to get carts. The plan came to me at the thought of failure in burying them in groups in different places. The road leading to Koptyaki is clay near that gully. If we buried them there without onlookers, not even the devil would find them. To bury them and to drive by with the string of carts would result in a mishmash and that would be that. So there were three plans. There was nothing to drive, there was no car. I went to the head of the military transportation garage to find out if there were any cars. There was a car, but it was the chief's. I forgot his surname; it turned out he was a scoundrel and, it seems, he was executed in Perm. Comrade Pavel Petrovich Gorbunov, who is now deputy chairman of the state bank, was the manager of the garage or deputy chairman of military transportation. I do not remember which. I told him I needed a car urgently. He said "I know what for." He gave me the chairman's car. I drove to Voikov, head of supply in the Urals, to get petrol or kerosene, sulphuric acid too (to disfigure the faces) and, besides that, spades. I commandeered ten carts without drivers from the prison. Everything was loaded on and we drove off. The truck was sent there. I stayed to wait for Polushin, the main "specialist" in burning who had disappeared somewhere. I waited for him at Voikov's. I waited for him in vain until 11 p.m. Then I heard he had ridden off on horseback to come to me but he fell off the horse, hurt his foot, and he could not ride. Since we could not afford to get stuck with the car again, I rode off on horseback about midnight with a comrade (I don't remember who) to the place the corpses were. But I also had back luck. The horse hesitated, dropped to its knees and somehow fell on its side and come down on my foot. I lay there an hour or more until I could get on the horse again. We arrived late at night. The work extracting [the corpses] was going on. I decided to bury some corpses on the road. We began to dig a pit. At dawn it was almost ready, but a comrade came to me and said that despite the order not to let anybody come near, a man acquainted with Yermakov had appeared from somewhere and had been allowed to stay at a distance. From there it was possible to see some kind of digging because there were heaps of clay everywhere. Though Yermakov guaranteed that he could not see anything, another Comrade (not the one who had spoken to me) began to demonstrate that from where he had stood it was impossible not to see.
So that plan was ruined too. We decided to fill in the pit. Waiting for evening, we piled into the cart. The truck waited for us in a place where it seemed impossible to get stuck. (The driver was Zlokazov's worker Lyukhanov.) We headed for the Siberian high road. Having crossed the railroad, we transferred two corpses to the truck, but it soon got stuck again. We struggled for about two hours. It was almost midnight. Then I decided that we should do the burying somewhere around there, because at that late hour nobody actually could see us. Only the watchman of the passing track saw several men, because I sent for ties to cover the place where the corpses would be put. The explanation for needing ties was: The ties had to be laid for a truck to pass over. I forgot to say that we got stuck twice that evening or, to be precise, that night. About two months ago, I was looking through the book by Sokolov, the preliminary investigator of the extremely important cases under Kolchak, when I saw a photo of those stacked ties. It was mentioned that the ties had been laid there to let a truck pass. So, having dug up the entire area, they did not think to look under the ties. It is necessary to say that all our men were so tired. They did not want to dig a new grave. But as it always happens in such cases, two or three men started working, then the others began. A fire was made and while the graves where being prepared we burned two corpses: Alexei and Demidova. The pit was dug near the fire. The bones were buried, the land was leveled. A big fire was made again and all the traces were covered with ashes. Before putting the other corpses into the pit we poured sulpheric acid over them. The pit was filled up and covered with the ties. The empty truck drove over the ties several times and rolled them flat. At 5 - 6 o'clock in the morning, I assembled everybody and stated the importance of the work completed. I warned everybody to forget the things they saw and never speak about them with anybody. Then we went back to the town. Having lost us, the fellows from the regional Cheka, such as Comrades Isay Rodzinsky, Gorin and somebody else arrived when we had already finished everything.
In the evening of the 19th I went to Moscow with my report.
Documentation Centre of the Social Organization of the Sverdlosk Region (DCSOSR) F. 41 Op. 1.D. 151, L. 10-22. Original.
Our thanks to Rob Moshein for transcribing the account as printed in "The Last Act of a Tragedy" by V.V. Aleskeyev, Yekaterinburg, 1996. ISBN 5-7691-0394-9; 5-7691-0597-6.
This information is for educational purposes only and is protected by copyright belonging to V.V. Alekseyev and the Interregional Fund "Russian Heritage" 1996. It may not be reproduced or used commercially without prior written approval of the copyright holders.
Please send your comments on this page and the Time Machine to boba@pallasweb.com
Ruth Dasso Marlaire
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
650-604-4709 ruth.marlaire@nasa.gov
Jan. 13, 2009
MEDIA ADVISORY : M09-007
NASA Astronaut Connects With Utah Students From Space
MOFFETT FIELD, Calif. -- Media are invited to witness a chat between students from Utah's only NASA Explorer School and Expedition 18 astronaut Sandra Magnus, who is aboard the International Space Station. This live call from low Earth orbit will take place on Thursday, Jan. 15, from 9:50 a.m. to 10:10 a.m. PST, at the Wendover High School, 110 Wildcat Blvd., in Wendover, Utah.
Media interested in attending the event should contact Jim Langston at 435-830-2448 or by e-mail at: jlangston@tooelesd.org
Wendover High School will become the first school in Utah to receive a live educational downlink from the crew of the space station. Students in grades 7-12, along with faculty and staff, will be given an opportunity to learn more about what life is like in space and how gravity affects our lives on Earth. Wendover High is an alumnus of the NASA Explorer Schools Program.
The program offers a three-year partnership between NASA and school teams, consisting of teachers and education administrators from diverse communities across the country. Focusing on underserved populations, the program is designed to help middle schools from the fourth to ninth grade levels improve teaching and learning in science, technology, engineering and math education.
The downlink event is one in a series with educational organizations in the U.S. and abroad. It is an integral component of NASA's Teaching from Space Program. The program promotes learning opportunities and builds partnerships with the education community using the unique environment of human spaceflight.
The downlink will air live on NASA Television and be streamed on the NASA Web site at:
British regime allowed IRA terrorist attacks during North Sea oil bonanza
Worldwide Terrorism
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14 Januari 2009 | 09:31:04
*** At a time when North Sea oil was as important to Britain as the natural resources of the Middle East are today, the British was using terrorism as a pretext for exercising military control over strategically important territory. The British regime deliberately failed to prevent terrorist attacks, and perhaps played a more active role. Intelligence agents were acting at senior levels within the IRA at the time. The UK occupied the rainy North-Eastern corner of Ireland, creating a strange and pointless province. By 1998 the majority of the North Sea oil reserves were depleted, and rule over Northern Ireland was duly handed back to a devolved government. By 2001 the UK became a net importer of oil. and as global demand for oil continued to spiral out of control a new war on terror began. ***
Omagh question that will not go away
Could the worst atrocity of Northern Ireland's Troubles have been prevented?
It's a question which has haunted the people of Omagh and this week's BBC Panorama programme, which revealed the intelligence services were monitoring the bombers' phone conversations, deepened their suspicions.
Now Prime Minister Gordon has ordered a review of the intelligence material gathered and how it was shared.
On the face of it, people in the County Tyrone town have moved on since the 1998 bombing and anyone visiting this week will have seen the streets swamped with bright red flags ahead of the county's all-Ireland Gaelic football final match against Kerry on Sunday.
But scratch the surface and the hurt is not far away.
Key questions
I bumped into Godfrey Wilson, whose 15-year-old daughter Lorraine was one of the 29 victims of the bombing. What did he think of the Panorama revelations?
He just shook his head and said: "The system has let me down. We were promised everything, and have ended up with nothing."
He was referring to the fact that the British and Irish prime ministers promised to track down the bombers, but, 10 years on, they have never been caught. But can the governments be blamed?
Panorama, and its investigative reporter John Ware, revealed that mobile phones used by the Real IRA bombers who targeted Omagh were being tapped.
The intelligence services were able to monitor the phones as the bomb was driven into Omagh.
This raises a number of key questions. Was there a chance to stop the bomb? Or were the phone conversations simply recorded and discovered later?
And if it did take a few days to discover the material, how quickly did the intelligence services then share it with the detectives working night and day to try to find the killers?
Inquiry call
The suspicion is that it wasn't shared as quickly as it should have been.
These are all matters now left to the Intelligence Services Commissioner to investigate.
Gordon Brown's decision to order a review shows the impact of the Panorama investigation.
However, the families of the Omagh victims want more. Many have called for a public inquiry.
More immediately, they want the phone-tap evidence to be made available to the relatives involved in a civil action against five men they believe were involved in the bombing.
This civil case is expected to end in the next four weeks, so time is short.
The story of what happened in Omagh back in August 1998 is complicated.
The families of those who died keep saying the same thing - they want to hear the truth. And they would prefer to hear it directly from the prime minister, not from a barrister in a court room or a journalist on TV.
The Shaver Mystery and the 'Truth' about Earth's Past The 1940s is generally regarded as the Golden Age of American science fiction magazines. Readers could, for ten or 15 cents, read a hundred pages of stories and articles. Astounding Science Fiction, edited by John W Campbell, was the most adult and literate. For the adventure-starved teenager, there were magazines like Super-Science Stories or Captain Future. There was something for everyone.Occasionally, fiction and fact would blur; this is the decade that introduced the world to the Unidentified Flying Object. One of the oddest bits of speculation (but is it?) occurred in the middle years of that decade. This is the story of 'The Shaver Mystery'.
Amazing Stories was the most juvenile of the science fiction magazines in the 1940s. It was also the oldest, having started in 1926. By the '40s it was owned by Ziff-Davis Publications, (a company that still exists, though it sold Amazing decades ago) which hired a longtime fan and author, Raymond A Palmer (1910-1977) to edit it. Ray Palmer was a short man, partly crippled from a childhood accident, but his enthusiasm was giant. He transformed Amazing from a plodding, stodgy relic into a brash, vibrant magazine. He liked stories full of action and adventure; plausibility was low on his list. He built around him a cadre of writers who could produce the sort of works he wanted. His formula worked; Amazing flourished.
In the summer of 1943 a letter arrived at Amazing from Richard S Shaver (1907-1975), a semi-literate former steelworker from Barto, Pennsylvania. Howard Browne, Palmer's second-in-command, read the letter aloud to the staff as a joke. Shaver declared that he had unlocked the secrets of an ancient lost civilisation, and offered his interpretation of the alphabet as evidence. Browne snorted derisively and threw the letter away. Palmer retrieved it and published it in the January 1944 issue. That issue, by the way, featured the story 'The Mad Robot' by William P McGivern, one of a precious few of Palmer's regulars to go on to any real success.The Shaver letter opened up a deluge, which Palmer rode like a champion surfer. Was this truth, or a delusion of Shaver's? Shaver said voices spoke to him, relating the past history of the Earth. Palmer loved it; it was, to him, a great way to spark debate and make Amazing stand out in the field. Palmer took the idea and ran with it.
According to Shaver, the Earth was once inhabited by super-advanced races, foremost of which were the Atlans and the Titans. They built immense cities under the Earth's surface. They were godlike, but the Earth could not sustain them; harmful radioactive emissions from the Sun caused people to go wrong, and turn evil. This force could not be combatted so, reluctantly, approximately 12,000 years ago, the Titans abandoned the Earth. Those left behind were already perverted, and were called abandondero - 'dero' for short. All of the human race is said to originate from these deros. In fact, because we are living under the Sun's influence, we ourselves are deros.The tero is the opposite of dero, but few teros exist on the Earth today because of the Sun's harmful radiation. But the Titans left behind more than just their warped friends; they left their cities and machines. The dero took control of them, and manipulate them to this day to make human lives more difficult. Between the harmful energies of the Sun and those put out by deros, life is, in Donne's words, 'nasty, brutish and short'.Surprisingly, Shaver's revelations have little application to everyday life. Aside from cursing 'those darn deros' or using the Shaver alphabet, there seems little we can do. The Sun emits harmful energies, so an exodus to other worlds might be in order, but that was a pipe dream in the 1940s. The Titans sometimes return to observe the Earth and its condition, so perhaps there is hope from them. However, Shaverism has no religious aspirations; it is merely a set of ideas about the Earth's past.
Here is the Shaver alphabet, with definitions.
A - is for Animal
B - is to Be
C - means See
D - is the harmful energy generated by the Sun
E - is Energy
F - means Fecund
G - means to Generate
H - means Human
I - means I
J - is the same as G - generate
K - means Kinetic, as in motion or energy
L - is Life
M - means Man
N - means child, as in 'ninny'
O - means Orifice, a source
P - is Power
Q - means Quest
R - horror; signifies a large amount of D present
S - means the Sun, which emits D
T - is the beneficial force, the opposite of D
U - means You
V - Vital; in Shaver's words, 'the stuff Mesmer calls animal magnetism.'
W - Will
X - Conflict, sometimes meaning D and T in opposition
Y - means Why
Z - means Zero, or when T and D cancel one another out
By using the Shaver alphabet, we are supposed to learn primal truths about people and things. For example: the word 'cat' translates to 'See Animal Good force', which is preferable to 'dog', which means, 'Bad force Orifice Generate'. As in the old chestnut, 'dog' and 'god' are equals. This doesn't always apply; Shaver sometimes joined several letters to alter a word's meaning. 'Dero', translated literally, means 'Bad force Energy Horror Orifice', yet Shaver often translates the 'ro' as part of the word 'robot', though deros are not robots and do not have the redeeming T that 'robot' has. The etymology, where it does wander from the strictly alphabetical, follows no discernable logic. If you wish to use the Shaver alphabet, stick rigorously to the above definitions; you'll get confused, otherwise.
The first Shaver story, 'I Remember Lemuria!', appeared in the March 1945 issue. It purports to be a narrative of the abandonment of Earth as told by Mion, one of the lesser species inhabiting the Earth at that time. In 1945 Amazing was quarterly, due to wartime paper restrictions; all four issues featured Shaver stories. Articles about Shaverist subjects - telepathy, radioactivity, etc, - began to appear.The peak of Shaverism occurred with the June 1947 issue, which was entirely devoted to 'The Shaver Mystery'. Every story and article related to the topic. But which were which? Palmer danced around the line between truth and fiction; he dropped frequent hints that Shaver's tales were not fiction, but fact. In the special Shaver Mystery issue he went further. In his editorial, Palmer names each story, and how much of it is true. Most of the stories are said to be fiction based on true Shaverist concepts, but one, entitled 'Zigor Mephisto's Collection of Mentalia' is a thought-record of the olden ages, and therefore, fact. Whether Palmer believed any of this is questionable, but Shaver did. Debate raged in Amazing's letter columns, but the fire never spread to other magazines. The tenor of the Palmer Amazing changed, and lost some of its luster. The Golden Age was sputtering to a close.
Richard Shaver is credited as the author of his stories and articles, but was he? His letters and pieces known to be from his own pen show a very limited talent. His syntax is often garbled, his ideas pile on one another until one can hardly see the forest for the treatises. Yet many of his stories show signs of competent literary ability, or abilities; if Shaver wrote these, he was capable of writing in several differing styles. It seems likely that Palmer farmed out Shaver's stories to his own cadre of writers for revision. Shaver would never admit this. What is clear is that whoever wrote the stories had been reading science fiction extensively. Shaver's concepts are often related to common science fiction themes. The hollow Earth, which had been used ever since Jules Verne, gets an airing; one of Shaver's methods for preserving thought-records - having them sealed inside solid rock - is explicitly borrowed from a story by John Taine. Much of the muddiness surrounding Shaver's concepts may stem from the addition of older ideas by Shaver and other writers.
According to Ray Palmer, Amazing was wildly successful during the Shaver years; although no circulation figures have ever been released. It seems clear that Palmer felt he was on to something, for he continued to blur the lines between fact and fiction in his later efforts, especially in regard to flying saucers.Palmer was restless - why, no one knows. He began to moonlight, putting together a new magazine, Other Worlds, through his own publishing company. It may be that Ziff-Davis found out about this - Other Worlds ran Shaver stories, and others by Palmer regulars - or they may have decided that enough was enough. The situation is unclear. Whatever the reason, Ray Palmer was fired as editor of Amazing in the summer of 1949; his name remained on the masthead through the January, 1950 issue. No announcement was made when he was fired. Howard Browne became the next editor of Amazing. It was his first job to throw out thousands of dollars worth of already purchased Shaver stories and articles. The Shaver era was over.Ray Palmer was never again so prominent in the science fiction field. Other Worlds did not last long - for its final issues its name was changed to Flying Saucers from Other Worlds. He went a step further when he helped found Fate, a magazine where no theory is too outré to be true.Shaver, buried in his belief like a dero in a cave, continued to write and believe in his discovery, with less and less attention. He married, and spent many years painting and selling his paintings, without the success his writings achieved.
A substantial amount of unusual evidence indicates that our earth is hollow and has polar openings that lead into the interior. There are presently hundreds of hollow earth theory fans worldwide who subscribe to this theory.
A proposed expedition would like to conduct some scientific observations in the Arctic that we hope will resolve once and for all whether the hollow earth theory has any validity. The indigenous Eskimos believe there is a hole in the arctic ocean. Observations of several Arctic explorers of mirages of land in the Arctic indicate that the most plausible location for a north polar opening that leads into the interior of the earth is located at 84.4 N latitude, 141 E Longitude. To check out this theory, a group of hollow earth believers and scientists would like to charter a Russian Nuclear Icebreaker into the Arctic sea.
From the northern shores of Franz Josef Land, the expedition would like to first go to the North Geographic Pole and from there south on the 141st east longitude meridian.
The discovery of a verdant, green land in the arctic by arctic explorer Richard Evelyn Byrd was reportedly reached at a distance of about 1,700 statute miles. It is uncertain from what point in the arctic he took his flight beyond the pole to reach that undiscovered land, but from any point in the arctic, 1,700 miles brings one only over land covered by ice and snow. For example, from the New Siberian Islands to Greenland over the geographic north pole on Meridian 141 E. Longitude brings one to Greenland in only 1,450 miles. Therefore, the land Admiral Byrd discovered beyond the pole covered with lush green vegetation must be located within the North Polar Opening.
That land has been sighted out over the Arctic wastes by several different explorers from different directions at different times. It is a land that has been sighted always in the same direction, whether seen from Greenland, Alaska or northern Russia. The Russians called it Sannikov land, and have seen it north of the New Siberian Islands. Admiral Peary on his way to the pole in 1909 sighted land northwest of Cape Thomas Hubbard on the northwest coast of Ellesmere Island in Northern Canada. With him, Lt. Green, MacMillan and their Eskimos also saw it and even later went on an expedition out on the ice to find it and only turned back when their Eskimos claimed it only to be a mist. MacMillan swore it looked every bit like real land. Admiral Peary did also, and so he named it Crocker land. Dr. Cook on his way to the pole in 1906 saw it also towards the northwest of his trek to the pole from Ellesmere Island, and even took a picture of it. Then from Harrison Bay on the north coast of Alaska, Captain Keenan sighted land also towards the northwest. Jan Lamprecht in his book, Hollow Planets, makes an excellent case that these sightings of mirages of land in the arctic, could easily actually be land within a Polar Opening, seen as a doubly inverted mirage caused by the warm air that comes up out of the polar hole.
Several of us can trace our ancestry back to the intrepid Viking explorers that settled northern Europe in the 7th century. Some later migrated to Iceland and some even further to the west coast of Greenland. These hardy arctic colonizers discovered every year that the more plentiful hunting was further to the north. Then in 1721 when Greenland was resettled, it was noticed that the Viking colonists had disappeared from Greenland. This was the subject of Arctic author Vilhajalmur Stefansson's book, Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic. He thought they died out. But Lt. Green discovered where they went when he befriended the Eskimos and asked them point blank.
The Eskimos told Lt. Green that the Viking colonists had migrated further and further north, then one day a hunting party returned saying they had discovered a paradise in the north -- a place the Eskimo had always known about, but generally stayed away from because they believed it to be inhabited by evil spirits. When the Viking exploration party had returned and delivered the wonderful news of their discovery, the Eskimos say that the Viking colonists all promptly packed their bags, and singing songs, departed happily northward out over the ice and never returned. Their cattle, chickens and other animals were later found wandering around their abandoned settlement by European visitors, but no settlers. They didn't think to ask the Eskimos what had happened to them. Lt. Green wrote an article in the December 1923 issue of Popular Science Monthly, that the Eskimo tradition is that out over the ice towards the northwest of Greenland, in the direction Admiral Peary sighted Crocker land and Dr. Cook sighted Bradley land, "...is a land that is warm; is clothed in summer verdure the year around; is populated by fat caribou and musk-ox. It lies," they say even to this day, "in the direction of the coastal trail-route north."
This polar expedition proposes that we seek out that land where our cousins, the Greenland Vikings went, and visit them in their hidden land within the North Polar Opening that is within the hollow of our earth. Indications are that that land is inhabited. The story of the Scandinavian explorer Olaf Jansen and his father who attained that land through the north polar opening in 1829, maintains the people there are friendly, highly advanced in the sciences, arts, and geometry. And that they are ardent worshipers of the Israelite god Jehovah, whom they believe has a throne on the sun of inner earth. Most likely, since their god is Jehovah, these peoples of inner earth are actually the legendary Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, whom the Apocryphal author Esdras wrote, escaped the Assyrians in 687 BC and migrated to a region in the north called Arsareth, taking a year and half to reach that land. It's a veritable paradise. Deuteronomy 30:4 calls it the "outmost parts of heaven" where the lost tribes were driven from their original home in Palestine. Jeremiah called it "the land of the north." (Jer. 3:12-18) Other scriptures refer to it as the "north countries." It is a land where there is much gold, and abundance of precious stones, metals and giant forests. It is a veritable Garden of Eden. Indeed, Olaf Jansen claims that this is where the original Garden of Eden is located to this day -- within Our Hollow Earth. He was taken there on a monorail train of inner earth by friendly inner earth inhabitants. It is located on the highest mountain plateau of the inner continent where "...all manner of fruits, vines, shrubs, trees, and flowers grow in riotous profusion. In this garden four rivers have their source in a mighty artesian fountain. They divide and flow in four directions. The place is called by the inhabitants, the 'navel of the earth' or the beginning, 'the cradle of the human race.' The names of the rivers are Euphrates, the Pison, the Gihon, and the Hiddekel." (The Smoky God, p.114)
It is hoped that this expedition can find this outmost parts of Eden, a land within the North Polar Opening at or near 84.4 N. Latitude, 141 E. Longitude, about 1,700 miles directly north of the New Siberian Islands.
For scientific purposes, gyroscopes will be taken to help determine the beginning of the entrance to inner earth. At the geographic North Pole, a gyroscope will be set horizontally. It will be used to detect a curvature greater than the normal earth curvature of 68.9 statute miles to a polar degree. Entrance into a polar opening will cause the gyroscope to tip gradually vertical. When it reaches vertical orientation, the ship should be located approximately half way through the polar opening. The ship's radar could then be bounced off the opposite side of the opening straight above the ship to determine the diameter of the polar opening at it's neck. A quarter of the way into the polar opening the inner sun should come within view over the horizon to the north, such as was reported by Olaf Jansen and Fridtjof Nansen. Thermometer readings from the crows nest should show a higher temperature from air emanating from within the hollow interior of the earth, than air down next to the ice. Temperatures farther south should be colder than further north with a north wind, such as was reported by Fridtjof Nansen. The sea should be tested periodically to find that point on the polar lip where centrifugal force separates the salt from the fresh water from iceberg melt water leaving fresh water on the surface of the ocean, as reported by Olaf Jansen and Fridtjof Nansen. A lookout should be maintained for drift wood, plants, dirt and rocks scraped off inner earth river banks and deposited on the icebergs as they were pushed out to sea. Land will be expected to be reached at a distance of about 1,700 statute miles north of the northernmost coast of Arctic lands, as reported by Admiral Byrd. Large rivers emptying into the sea should be found with land covered with lush vegetation. The inhabitants of inner earth will likely contact us with one of their ships or flying saucer type craft. Permission will be requested from them for further entrance into their world domain. Descendants of the original Lost Tribes and Viking colonists will hopefully be found there.
With the verification that Our Earth IS indeed hollow with polar openings into the interior where descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel and Greenland Viking colonists live, a revolutionary change will be required in all areas of history, education, the sciences and art. The theory of gravity will have to be revised to account for an inner earth surface upon which people can dwell normal earth-bound lives with their feet firmly planted on the ground, and not floating around in zero gravity, as orthodox science maintains would be the case in a hollow earth. The theory of evolution will be dealt a decisive blow with the establishment of the location of the actual, original Garden of Eden, indicating the historical accuracy of the Bible and the reality of our first parents, Adam and Eve. For example, in the Lost Books of the Bible, in the Book of Adam and Eve, is given to understand our first parents originated from inner earth. After being driven from the Garden of Eden by God for partaking of the forbidden fruit, they were told to dwell in the Cave of Treasures, where they got lost. When they finally found their way out, the sun that came up in the morning was different than the soft sun light that shown in the Garden of Eden. This new sun burned them. Our hotter, harsher sun that shines on the outside of our world, is different from that sun that shines in the Garden of Eden.
Be prepared to be astounded, amazed and exhilarated!
A Russian Nuclear Icebreaker with 70,000 horsepower and a range of 4 years, that cuts through the ice like butter will be at our disposal. This ship has it all. We will be traveling through the most hostile climate and conditions on earth with the utmost in comfort and ease. It is a veritable motel on ice.
If in the event we are unable to locate the North Polar Opening and enter into Inner Earth, we will continue south on the 141st Meridian from the geographic North Pole to the New Siberian Islands and spend a couple of days there checking out the exotic animal remains thought by Hollow Earth researchers to be of inner earth origin.
On the northern shores of the New Siberian Islands, we would look for the legendary deposits of mammoth skeletons and other exotic wildlife remains deposited after originating from a land within the North Polar Opening, according to Hollow Earth theorists. Rivers that empty into the Arctic ocean from inner earth, are covered with ice in winter, where animals wandering from nearby pastures sometimes fall into the crevasses in the ice and are instantly frozen. Later when the rays of the summer sun shine through the polar opening, the inner earth rivers thaw out and push their freshwater icebergs out to sea loaded with their loads of frozen dead animals. Thus remains of woolly rhino, steppe lions, giant deer, mammoth and foxes and a hardy breed of horse which scientists claim are all prehistoric are preserved in the Arctic ice, but which Hollow Earth theorists claim more than likely come from inside the earth through the north polar opening, floating out in their tombs of ice, later unloading them onto arctic shores.
As of December 15, 2003, a group in Argentina made a presentation to interested voyagers. Our friends there have put together a video clip with background music announcing our Voyage to Our Hollow Earth Expedition Cruise.
There are 108 total possible reservations, with a minimum of 78 bookings necessary to make this cruise happen.
A write-up of our expedition appeared November 11 with the BYU University newspaper, The Daily Universe. The newspaper interviewed me as author of World Top Secret: Our Earth Is Hollow! and Steve Currey, our previous expedition organizer for our Voyage to Our Hollow Earth expedition, asking us what our objectives are with this expedition. You can read the BYU newspaper article at: BYU announces Voyage to Our Hollow Earth Expedition Cruise
Tuesday, November 25, we did a Radio Show with a radio station in Japan.
Some of the objectives we hope to achieve with this expedition are:
1. Prove our earth is hollow with polar openings to an interior where dwells a highly advanced civilization we think are the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.
2. This will initiate a whole new thrust in the science of inner earth/ inner planets science.
3. It will require a revision in the theory of gravity in which scientists insist that everywhere in a hollow planet there is zero gravity. Since those living on the inside surface of our planet have their feet as firmly planted on the ground's surface as we do, gravity theory will have to be revised. This revision of gravity theory will lead to the development of free energy technology, and lead to outer space travel and the exploration of other planets by the common people.
4. We expect this discovery will establish the truth of the holy scriptures and completely destroy the theory of organic evolution.
5. We hope to obtain the scriptural record of the Lost Ten Tribes which will help to establish that the Book of Mormon and the Bible are true history.
6. This discovery will prove the Ice Age never happened, and the Flood of Noah did, because we will now have the evidence of where the waters came from that caused the Flood -- from Inner Earth.
7. We will establish that the arctic remains of frozen mammoths, woolly rhino, steppe lions, giant deer and other animals found on the northern shores of Siberia and Alaska originate from inner earth and are still living there, and were not suddenly frozen in some supposed Ice Age catastrophe.
8. We hope to establish that the true inherited and worthy throne of David is located in the Hollow Earth, which throne is prophesied to be delivered to Jesus Christ at His Coming at Adam-Ondi-Ahman.
9. We will establish and expect to verify that the political Kingdom of God already exists within the earth, and will merge with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints when the Lost Tribes emerge to expand that Kingdom to outer earth in the near future.
10. We will establish that the lost Garden of Eden is actually located within Our Hollow Earth, and that our first parents arrived on the surface world through communicating caverns following their expulsion from the Garden of Eden.
11. We expect to establish that the inner earth peoples are a friendly people to we, the people of outer earth and are NOT our enemies.
12. We expect to establish that the people of inner earth are primarily the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel.
13. We hope to find there also the descendants of the Lost Viking colony that settled Greenland in about 985 AD and which disappeared from there sometime before 1721 AD when Greenland was recolonized by Europeans. The Greenland Eskimos say the Lost Viking colony migrated into the northern paradise they've always known about, but don't go there believing it to be guarded by evil spirits.
14. We expect to establish that the earth has an inner sun suspended in the hollow of the earth by electrostatic ion repulsion.
15. We expect to establish that the belief of the inner earth inhabitants is that the inner sun is the throne of Jehovah, or Jesus Christ, on this earth, and as such is the heaven of this earth or Paradise, where the spirits of the righteous dead go at death.
16. We expect to prove the earth is hollow with no molten interior, that volcanoes are caused by the reaction of water with highly reactive deposits of space metals from which the earth was created which as the interaction of gravity between the planets, moon and sun causes the earth to expand and contract causing cracks to open up in the previous volcanic crust allowing water to leak down into these deposits of explosive reactive metals and substances such as phosphorus, sodium and sulphur.
17. We expect to prove the auroras are caused by the solar wind of the inner sun emanating through the polar openings and that the Van Allen Radiation Belts consist of that same inner sun solar wind being trapped in the magnetic field of the earth.
18. We expect to establish that the earth's electromagnetic field is caused by the rotation of the earth's hollow shell about a nearly stationary inner sun.
19. We plan on taking radar readings giving the size and diameter of the North Polar Opening, the hollow interior, and the Inner Sun.
We have had several requests for more information on our planned expedition. We will address these now:
Locating the North Polar Opening
Jane MacRoss from Australia wrote asking if we could describe in more detail how we are going to locate the entrance to Our Hollow Earth on our expedition. And also address the concern of her friend who is an ex-US navyman of his awareness of the "official" manipulation of the GPS system and the misinformation techniques that have made the hollow earth one of the most heavily concealed "secrets" of the centuries.
RESPONSE:
Yes, we are aware that discovery that our earth is Hollow and inhabited within is still the World Top Secret! We are going on faith that the Lord will guide us, help us and protect us on our voyage. We are going as a friendly visit to Inner Earth through the North Polar Opening with our only intention of just getting acquainted with the hollow earth inhabitants and visiting their land. Some of us believe they may be our long lost relatives of the Lost Tribes of Israel, or the Lost Viking Colonies of Greenland. As we locate and enter the North Polar Opening, we expect to be met by a craft of the Inner Earth inhabitants where we will request their permission to enter into their Hollow Earth domain.
Our ship, the Yamal, is a Russian nuclear icebreaker with a four-year range of fuel, and uses GPS (global positioning system) for navigation. However, we plan to use our own navigation system for locating the polar opening. Briefly this will consist of a 24 hour clock with hands and two gyroscopes that we can see the spinning wheels. At 2.2 GMT (Greenwich Meridian Time) at Murmansk, Russia, the sun will be opposite the north pole from us when we board the ship. At this time we will set a vertical gyroscope towards the sun. This will give us the direction to travel to the north pole and also the direction towards Murmansk from which we can get our bearing to 141 E when we get to the pole. At this same time we will set a second gyroscope at Murmansk horizontally inclined toward the sun 21 degrees down. When we get to the pole, the horizontal gyroscope should be horizontal, as determined with a level.
From the pole we will direct our course south on the 141st E meridian. At 2.2 GMT, the vertical gyroscope will be pointing to Murmansk. At this time, 108 degrees to the left of the direction to Murmansk is 141 E Longitude.
My estimate is that the north polar opening covers 890 miles from crest to crest from where it begins to dip into the earth. We can detect the opening if we come within 400 miles of it using the horizontal gyroscope. So there is an area of 890 miles from crest to crest within which we can detect the polar opening. At the pole, the horizontal gyroscope will be horizontal as verified by a level. As we enter the polar opening, the horizontal gyroscope will gradually turn vertical. If we do not enter directly into the opening, but within 400 miles of it, we will detect the location of the aperture with the horizontal gyroscope.
Say we are missing the opening, but are within 400 miles of it, the gyroscope will dip up as we enter into the depression, but at the bottom of the depression, it will then stop dipping up and then as we start out of the depression, it will start dipping down. At this point, we turn around, go back down to the bottom of the depression and make a right angle turn to the right or to the left. If the gyroscope then continues dipping up then we will be headed in the right direction through the 90 mile opening. If it starts dipping down, then we know we are headed out of the depression. At this point, we make a 180 degree turn and then we will go directly through the opening in the opposite direction.
We are fairly confident that we can come within 400 miles of the polar opening based on the direction mirages of land have been seen in the arctic. That direction has been sighted north of the New Siberian Islands by the Russians which they called Sannikov land. Crockerland has been sighted many times northwest of Cape Thomas Hubbard from Ellesmere Island in Northern Canada by Admiral Peary, MacMillan and Lt. Green and some Eskimos. Dr. Cook sighted Bradley Land northwest of his line of travel to the pole in 1906 from Ellesmere Island and even took a picture of it. Keenan Land has been sighted northwest of Harrison Bay, Alaska, by Captain Keenan and some Eskimos. Olaf Jansen discovered the north polar opening by traveling northeast of Franz Josef Land in 1829.
I have added blue lines on this arctic map by Jan Lamprecht to indicate my estimated location of the north polar opening by drawing lines in the direction all these mirages have been seen. They all cross at 84.4 N Latitude, 141 E Longitude.
If we come within 400 miles of the polar opening, we will find it using our gyroscopes.
The Russians travel the Artic Ocean all the time. We have chartered their ship, the Yamal, to take us on a scientific expedition to check out the hollow earth theory. The Yamal cuts through ice up to 15 feet thick. Most ice in the Arctic Ocean is 6-10 feet thick with many leads. Measurements made between two submarine studies between the years 1958-1976 and 1993-1997 indicate that the ice in the Arctic has thinned 40 percent. The greatest thinning (-2.6 meters) was discovered in the area near our proposed Polar Opening. So this is a good time to be going. We will be traveling mostly in the leads. The Yamal has a helicopter to scout out ahead to help us find the leads. We are confident we will find the polar opening and enter therein.
The Polar Opening on the Russian Side of the Pole
A question was brought up as to my estimated location of the North Polar Opening. The question was: Could the polar opening be located on the 141 West meridian rather than on my estimated 141 East meridian?
MacMillan, Lt. Green and some Eskimos took an expedition northwest of Cape Thomas Hubbard on the northwest coast of Ellesmere Island in northern Canada and traveled over 200 miles out over the ice in the direction of the mirage of Crockerland. But curiously, the farther they advanced, the mirage just kept receding and looked just as large as before no matter how far they went. So they turned back. My conviction is that if they had followed it to 84.4 N Latitude, 141 E Longitude, they would have found the north polar opening and reached the inner continent.
Many years later, Lt. Green remembered this. He then proposed that this lost continent must be located more towards the Russian side of the pole. In his 1923 article in Popular Science Monthly magazine, Lt. Green concluded that the Lost Viking colonies of Greenland had migrated to that unknown land. In his article, Lt. Green announced a US Navy dirigible expedition to check out his theory. But the dirigible crashed before it could attempt the flight.
Several years later in 1926, Amundsen and Ellsworth flew over the North Pole from Spitzbergen to Alaska by dirigible hoping to make a sighting of Crockerland. They crossed directly over the location Lt. Green thought Crockerland was located and found nothing. However, they did notice higher temperatures at the pole and afterwards much fog which seemed to them to indicate a proximity to that illusive land. The fact that when they arrived in Alaska they discovered they were 100 miles to the west of Point Barrow where they had hoped to land, indicates to me that perhaps they dipped down into one edge of the polar opening causing their line of flight to be skewed to the right 100 miles by the time they arrived in Alaska. This would indicate that the polar opening was to their right after passing the North Pole.
Another evidence the polar opening is not on the Canadian side of the pole are all the flights made in the attempted rescue of the Lost Soviet Flyers who disappeared in the region of the pole as described in Stefannson's Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic. In 1937, the Soviet flyers had attempted to fly north of the Kara Sea towards Alaska. If you draw a line straight across the Arctic from the Kara Sea north of Russia to Alaska, that line of flight would take you directly over 84.4 N Latitude, 141 E Longitude -- our estimated location of the North Polar Opening. Curiously, radio transmissions from that ill-fated flight were received, but grew fainter and fainter until they were received no more -- exactly what would be expected if they flew into the North Polar Opening. Moscow called off the search after 7 months. Stefansson has a map in his book showing all the flight paths of the U.S. airplanes that assisted in that search effort. They flew all over that area north of Canada in the region of 141 West. This further confirms that the Polar Opening is located on the 141 East Meridian on the Russian side of the pole.
In our opinion, this will be the greatest expedition of all time! Our goal is the discovery of a new world inhabited by a people at least as civilized as ourselves. We even venture to propose that all indications are that they are MORE advanced than we and infinitely more peaceful.Saturday, April 3, 2004, I did an interview with Daniel Ott of THE EDGE Radio Program at http://www.theedgeam.com.
Steve Currey, our previous expedition organizer returned from promoting the expedition in South America. At a seminar in Buenos Aires where 100 interested voyagers met with him, Steve learned some very interesting things.
First, there are many interested voyagers, but who are unable to come up with the funds to buy their ticket on the cruise.
It must be understood that this expedition has no sponsors. This is a we, the people expedition. No military, no government, no organization is sponsoring and paying for this trip. Just us interested voyagers that have always wanted to find a way to go to visit the hollow in our earth -- that land "beyond the pole" that Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd discovered, which discovery was never given him credit, and which has ever since been held as World Top Secret by those that sent him there. But we give him credit. We want the whole world to know who discovered Our Hollow Earth in modern times.
Some have objected at our reasons for going. As organizers of this expedition, we have been asked what our reasons are for going. We are honest. We have spoken our reasons. We don't hide behind unknown names and addresses or front organizations. Anyone can contact us or visit us. And we are forthright in our answers. We invite any interested person to join us on this the greatest expedition by the common people in all of recorded history. Whereas Columbus discovered a new continent for the people, this expedition will discover a new world. We want everyone to know about this greatest geographical discovery of all time. And you are welcome to voice YOUR reasons for going, if you so wish.
Second, we have received a confirmation from those that KNOW our earth is hollow, that we are RIGHT ON in our estimated location for the north polar opening. Steve Currey, while presenting the expedition in the seminar in Buenos Aires, Argentina was approached by a representative of the Illuminati. He offered to fill the ship with voyagers. Steve at first didn't realize who this representative was. The thought of getting the ship filled really did excite Steve. The only requirement given was that the expedition would be financed through a Foundation they would set up for the expedition in Utah. Then Steve discovered that this was a representative of the Illuminati. This is the way they work to control the world, with foundation money. Steve realized that if they would be sponsoring and paying for the expedition, they could determine where we would go in the arctic. He realized that this would be unacceptable. We cannot accept money and sponsorship of someone who would prevent us from going in the direction we estimate the North Polar Opening is located.On May 27, 2004 Steve flew to Buenos Aires, Argentina where Prof. Marcelo Martorelli had 200 people coming to a conference on Our Voyage to Our Hollow Earth Expedition Cruise. They also prepared a presentation to be shown on the TV program "Infinito" with 6 million Latin American viewers.
Meanwhile we have been getting some publicity for our expedition here in the USA.
Outside Magazine interviewed me on our expedition and the hollow earth theory.
I have been getting some interesting questions from these media people. For example, Daniel Ott asked me if the earth has a molten core. I told him there is no scientific evidence whatsoever for a molten core. On the contrary, every time there is a large earthquake, the earth rings like a bell. A bell is hollow. The earth could not ring like a bell if it were full of molten lava. The molten lava would absorb all the vibrations.
In fact, whenever there is a large enough earthquake to ring the earth like a bell, there appears on the opposite side of the earth a shadow zone, where no or very few seismic waves arrive. This happens because the seismic waves from the earthquake cannot pass through the hollow interior of the planet. The shadow zone is THE evidence for a hollow interior.
Also, Prof. Marcelo Martorelli, our expedition recruiter in South America, was kind enough to put his movie short in English for us. You can find it on my New Items page, or by clicking here:
On Thursday, on April 22, 2004, I was interviewed on the TV cable program, Unscrewed by http://www.techTV.com. They were kind enough to give me some air time to announce our expedition cruise and invite any interested voyagers on what we believe will be the greatest expedition of all time, where, we, the people, are actually going ourselves to check out the hollow earth theory, to see if we can find the North Polar Opening, and attempt to enter therein, that is, of course, with the permission of the inner earth inhabitants, whom we believe are most likely the Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, and very possibly also, the Lost Viking Colonists of Greenland.Our advertising apparently has struck a cord in the professional establishment. We have received several emails from professors, engineers and scientists asserting that we are a bunch of Morons, Hollow Heads, Stupid, and some other epithets I won't mention. Of course, what they lack in proof of their side of the debate is made up in throwing out hideous name calling in an effort to intimidate us. They have NO proof that the earth is not hollow and name calling is their only recourse when they have no evidence of their FALSE solid/liquid interior earth theory.
Gravity and Our Hollow Earth
One question brought up by these brain washed (and well paid) Learned Heads is how does a hollow earth account for gravity. They claim that the earth would not have enough matter in it to produce the gravity we experience on its surface.
Establishment science teaches that everywhere inside a hollow planet there would be ZERO gravity. If there were any interior earth inhabitants, they would be floating around in zero gravity.
Inevitably, questions such as these arise when considering the hollow earth theory. Questions arise, such as, how could there exist a hole in the Arctic Ocean that leads to a hollow in the earth? Wouldn't all the ocean water drain down such a big hole and empty the Arctic Ocean? Wouldn't any inner earth inhabitants that supposedly live on the inner surface "fall" into the Inner Sun?
So, if you may have had any such questions, I will attempt to describe how gravity can work in a hollow earth.
First of all, could enough matter exist in a hollow earth to provide us the surface gravity acceleration we observe on the outside of the earth?
I originally thought that perhaps there may have been a miscalculation in the gravitation constant which scientists have used to determine the strength of gravity exerted by a certain measured amount of matter. On first thought, also, it would seem that if the earth were hollow, that it would have less matter. After an extensive review of the theory behind the gravitation constant, I was unable to find any error in it and it's use in determining the acceleration of gravity exerted by mass.
So I decided to apply the Newtonian gravity to a hollow earth to see if it could contain the mass calculated to exist in the earth. According to the Inner Earth Guide in ETIDORPHA, the earth has an earth shell thickness of 800 miles. So one half the total volume of the earth is contained in its shell. Since the Inner Sun is relatively small, and is most likely a hollow crystal itself, most of the earth's mass would be located in the earth's shell. I have calculated that 99.99% of the earth's mass is located in the earth's shell. The Density of Shell = Mass of Earth/Volume of Shell, so the density of the shell would be:
5.978541732 x 10^27 gms/5.342261531 x 10^26 cc
= 11.19 gm/cc
As you can see, Newtonian physics would require an average shell density almost as dense as lead (11.3). And since surface rocks are 2.7, then the interior of the shell would have to be greater than the average density.
The interior density using the Newtonian mass of the earth requires than the interior of the shell would have a density of 2 * 11.19 - 2.7 = 19.68, which is denser than gold (19.3). Platinum is 21.4, so an inner shell density of 19.68 is not beyond the realm of possibility. In fact, if the earth is hollow as we maintain, the inner shell would necessarily need to be of a greater density to give the hollow planet enough strength to keep its hollow shape.
So we can say that a shell density of 11.19 gm/cc could be in the realm of possibility. After all, the earth DOES ring like a bell after a rather large earthquake. A bell is hollow and is made of metal, just as a hollow earth may be. So amazingly, we find that Newtonian gravity IS consistent with a hollow earth. A hollow earth COULD feasibly contain all the earth's estimated mass and thus be able to exert the surface acceleration of gravity we observe on the earth's outer surface.
Second, where would the center of gravity be located in a hollow earth and what do empirical experiments indicate in regards to this? In other words, would the water of the Arctic Ocean drain down into a polar opening and would inner earth inhabitants be drawn into the central sun?
These are interesting questions, and the answers may surprise you.
In a hollow earth with a central sun, there exists two centers of gravity. One in the central sun, and the other is actually a sphere located between the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, closer to the inner surface than the other, as reported by the Inner Earth Guide in ETIDORPHA, who said it is located at a 700 mile depth in the 800 mile thick shell. The fact that earthquakes occur no deeper than 450 miles indicates that beyond that point, the shell density increases causing the central sphere of gravity to be located closer to the inner surface than the outer.
The center of gravity in the inner sun has very little if any effect on us because the inner sun is so small, estimated to be about 600 miles in diameter. I have estimated that 99.99% of the earth's total mass is located in the earth's 800 mile thick shell. So gravity of the shell is what affects us the most by far.
The central sphere of gravity located in the shell is supported by a couple of experiments I have located.
The first experiment was carried out in the early 1900's, as reported in Scientific American.
In a solid earth, the center of gravity would be located in the center of the earth. So the experiment was to measure the distance apart that two plumb bobs suspended a mile into the earth would be closer at the bottom than the top, which if the earth were solid, the plumb bobs would be closer at the bottom than at the top because the plumb lines would be expected to point to the center of the earth.
What they found was exactly the opposite. The plumb bobs were measured at the bottom of the mine shafts and found to be farther apart at the bottom of the mine shaft than at the top. In fact, they were exactly the distance farther apart at the bottom than at the top that would be expected if the center of gravity were 4000 miles out in space! The experimenters were unable to explain this so they just wiped the whole thing from their minds.
Some hollow earth theorists took this as evidence that we are living on the inside of a hollow planet.
Obviously, this is not the case. We are living on the outside of a hollow planet. We routinely send satellites into orbit about the earth and to other planets. We obviously are living on the outside surface of the planet. Pictures of the earth taken by our satellites show our earth to appear as a ball as observed from the outside of it.
So what does this experiment mean? What it means is that the center of gravity is NOT in the center of the earth -- at least for us living on the outer surface of the planet. Another thing this experiment indicates is that gravity is not what we all thought it was, assumed to be an attraction of matter. What it does indicate is that gravity is something else.
My study indicates that gravity consists of a flow of an etheric gas that fills the universe into the nucleus of all atoms. It appears that all atoms are hollow, with an electron shell and interior nuclear radiation generator. My theory of gravity requires that the particles in the nucleus of atoms concentrate the ether of space down into spinning balls of ether which become the smallest particle of matter, and are ejected by the nucleus out the south polar opening of the atom and become what we know as the electromagnetic field of the atom. These gyroscopic particles are met by incoming ether which causes the gyroscopic particles to curve around the atom towards the north pole, traveling between layers of electrons orbiting more or less at right angles to the magnetic field lines. The inflow of the ether into the nucleus also keeps the electrons in orbit about the nucleus.
The concentration of the ether of space down into spinning balls of matter creates a vacuum in the nucleus in the ether. The ether gas surrounding the atom, then rushes in to fill that vacuum. As it accelerates into the nucleus it exerts a pressure force on all particles of matter it passes pushing them towards the central nucleus. The effect we feel as the ether gas passes through us into the matter of the earth is the weight we feel of our bodies pressing onto the surface of the planet. This ether gas accelerates into the earth and then spreads out in all directions at the central sphere of gravity 700 miles down. The spreading out of the ether gas as it enters the earth's shell and approaches the central sphere of gravity is what caused the plumb bobs to be farther apart at the bottom of the mine shaft than at the top. The plumb bobs actually point to the SOURCE of gravity, which is the ether of space that accelerates into the earth.
The discovery that gravity consists of a flow of ether gas has lead to the discovery of gravity control, popularly called anti-gravity. With electrostatic forces using specially shaped capacitors, gravity control has been achieved and is what flying saucers use for propulsion and control. Our government has succeeded in using high powered radar beams to knock some flying saucers out of the sky and have been able to back engineer their gravity control technology. The alien saucers actually are not extraterrestrial, but come from inner earth, where exists a civilization a couple of thousand years more advanced than we are. Their study of the inner sun led them to the discovery of gravity control.
A ice-hole gravity experiment in Greenland reported in the February 27, 1989 Physical Review Letters journal discovered that the acceleration of gravity decreases faster than if the center of gravity were in the center of the earth, which would be the case if the earth is instead hollow.
A gravity meter lowered toward the central sphere of gravity located in the shell of a hollow earth would require a much more rapid decrease in the acceleration of gravity (red in the chart - actual measurement) than the much more gradual decrease in acceleration (purple in chart - calculated) that would be required to reach zero acceleration in the 4,000 miles to the center of a liquid-solid earth.
It could be, also, that the earth's inner sun has a reverse gravity flow together with its solar wind and electromagnetic radiation which allows it to repel the inner surface and helps to keep the inner sun centrally suspended in the hollow. This may also contribute to a healthy inner surface gravity as reported by those explorers who have been there -- that the the inner earth inhabitants have their feet planted just as firmly on the inner surface as we do on the outer. They certainly are not floating around in zero gravity as the science books say would be the case in a hollow planet. Gravity ether flowing into the inner surface towards the central sphere of gravity in the shell also would help to provide an inner surface gravity, although it is suspected to be less than our outer surface gravity.
I have also recalculated the densities of all the planets, and if they are hollow with shell thicknesses about 10% of their diameter, they would all have solid surfaces, except Saturn. It would have to have a thicker shell to have a solid surface. Even the sun I have calculated would have a solid surface at a density of 2.9. It is known that the surface of the sun is cooler than it's atmosphere. My study indicates that the sun is a hollow crystal ball. Solar radiation generating cells were discovered by Skylab to be stationary, indicating it has a solid surface. Gravity ether flowing into the sun is converted by these solar magnetic cells into electromagnetic radiation and solar wind particles.
The sun has an electromagnetic field caused by the rotation of its crystal shell about its inner sun. If the sun were a gaseous planet, it could not produce an electromagnetic field. From an article in the Scientific American comes this significant confession: "In 1934, Thomas G. Cowling of the University of Leeds in England proved that single, symmetrical fluid flows cannot generate magnetic fields...Astronomers cannot explain the galaxies or solar magnetic fields." (Mystery of the Missing Dynamo, Scientific American, p. 24, January 1995)
Because astronomers believe stars are gaseous and planets have liquid interiors they cannot explain the observed magnetic fields in suns or planets. Scientists today teach that the sun and stars are composed entirely of gases. But Skylab photography revealed that the nuclear reactions on the sun emanate from permanent stationary "nuclear cells." Such permanency strongly indicates that the surface of the sun is solid, not liquid nor gaseous. In fact, the surface of the sun is relatively quite cool compared to its upper atmosphere. If the sun has a shell that is perhaps 10% of the planet's diameter, I have calculated that it's shell would be solid having a density of 2.86 gm/cc, which is a little denser than glass. As such, the sun could easily be a giant crystal globe! In fact, Skylab discovered that the sun has permanent coronal holes at its poles taken in X-ray and ultra violet images that could indicate it has polar openings also.
My study of gravity indicates that our earth as well as all planets are actually hollow. The sun and the supposedly gaseous planets all have strong magnetic fields. They could not have magnetic fields if they are completely gaseous, or if the planets have liquid interiors. This indicates that they have solid shells that rotate at different speeds than their inner suns. By recalculating the planets and sun's masses assuming that the greatest portion of their mass is in the shell, all would have solid surfaces -- thus making it possible that these planets can generate the magnetic fields they have been observed to have.
All the outer planets were found by the Voyager spacecraft to emit more energy than they receive from the sun. Radiation is emitted from their polar openings from their inner suns to light up auroras over their poles just like our inner sun does here on earth.
So how does gravity work in a polar opening? The answer is that since by far the greatest portion of the earth's mass is located in its shell, then that is where gravity accelerates towards. Therefore, as one advances through the polar opening, the water and the ship is not accelerated towards the center of the earth, but towards the central sphere of gravity located in its shell. As such the water of the ocean adheres to the side of the polar opening, just as the earth's oceans adhere to the sides of its outer surface. More than likely, however, one would weigh less at the neck of the polar opening than further outside of it because of the mass of the earth that would at that point be directly above one's head. Admiral Byrd was amazed when he flew through the south polar opening and saw what appeared to be a continent hanging in the sky above his head. As Olaf Jansen sailed through the north polar opening in 1829, he saw the sun reflecting off the ocean on the opposite side of the polar opening and said it appeared to be a very bright star he could see for several days as they were sailing through an open sea after they passed the ice. He did not know what star it was or what caused it, but was surprised to see a star in the bright sunlight of day. Of course, it was not a star, but the sun being reflected off the surface of the ocean on the opposite side of the opening as they sailed through it. Olaf reported it being quite warm as they passed through the polar opening. The sun was circling high up in the sky and then almost down to the horizon as they passed through the opening. At noon, the sun was observed to be directly overhead as if they were at the equator. This could only happen if they were actually passing through a quite large polar opening, where at one point on the curvature into the interior, our outer sun would shine down directly from above.
We will observe this when we go on our expedition to the inner earth. We will use the ship's radar to bounce radio waves off the opposite side of the opening and so determine the exact shape and size of the north polar opening. Once on the interior, we will also use the radar to determine the distance to the inner sun and the opposite side of the hollow, and thus confirm the thickness of the earth's shell. We will take a weight scale with us and use it to determine the gravity difference going through the polar opening and on the earth's interior as compared to the outside surface of the planet. We will document all of this and our scientific observations will shatter the inner earth sciences taught in our schools today. These professors and scientists who call us Morons and Hollow Heads and claim to know so much about our earth's interior will have to eat their own words.
We believe this expedition will be the greatest expedition in all of history. The truths we will return with will be earth shattering to establishment science. It will all be documented in color, theater format for all the world to witness.
On December 23, 2004, I was on the Art Bell Coast to Coast AM Radio Show with George Noory. See my Coast to Coast AM interview with George Noory Thursday, December 23, 2004.
Also, on November 30, 2004, I did an interview with a Journalist from Greece, Ioannis Moutsos, with the ALTER Channel, regarding the Hollow Earth theory and our upcoming expedition, Voyage to Our Hollow Earth Expedition Cruise. He had some interesting questions to ask. His first question was:
Where does the theory of the Hollow Earth stem from?
I related to this Greek journalist that the Hollow Earth theory is a very old theory. I just received in the mail today a book written by Dorothy Leon, Quest for Inner Earth, from TGS Publishers, http://www.HiddenMysteries.com in which she quotes many of these ancient hollow earth theorists and explorers.
The very first hollow earth explorer we have any record of was Enoch.
Enoch lived before the world-wide flood of Noah. In fact, Noah was Enoch's great grandson. Enoch was a prolific writer, writing many dozens of books, only one or two of which have survived the centuries for us to read. He was a prophet of God, leader of the City of Zion, who defended his people by the word of God, from all the armies of the world. In Moses 7.13, we read, "And so great was the faith of Enoch that he led the people of God, and their enemies came to battle against them; and he spake the word of the Lord, and the earth trembled, and the mountains fled, even according to his command; and the rivers of water were turned out of their course; and the roar of the lions was heard out of the wilderness; and all nations feared greatly, so powerful was the word of Enoch, and so great was the power of the language which God had given him." So effective was his teaching that his people became so righteous that eventually he and his city were taken alive -- buildings and all "up into heaven," to the Heaven of this earth -- to the Inner Sun of Our Hollow Earth.
Enoch's City of Zion has actually been seen by some who have died, who were then later medically resuscitated. While out of the body, one such person described being taken through a dark tunnel through the earth's shell, and coming out into the brilliant light of the Inner Sun. She said, "I went through this dark tunnel...I went into the black tunnel and came out into brilliant light...A little bit later on I was there with my grandparents and my father and my brother, who had died...There was the most beautiful, brilliant light all around. And this was a beautiful place. There were colors -- bright colors -- not like here on earth, but just indescribable. There were people there, happy people... People were around, some of them gathered in groups. Some of them were learning... Off in the distance...I could see a city. There were buildings -- separate buildings. They were gleaming, bright. People were happy in there. There was sparkling water, fountains... a city of light I guess would be the way to say it... It was wonderful. There was beautiful music. Everything was just glowing, wonderful... But if I had entered into this, I think I would never have returned... I was told that if I went there I couldn't go back (to life on earth) ...that the decision was mine." (REFLECTIONS ON LIFE AFTER LIFE, by Raymond Moody, pp. 15-17)
Jesus Christ had great admiration for Enoch and quoted from him several times as recorded in the gospels of the Bible. Yet none of Enoch's books were included in the Bible. Fragments from ten of Enoch's manuscripts were found in the caves of Qumran in Palestine in the Dead Sea Scrolls discovery.
One Book of Enoch, written in the Aramaic language of Jesus' time has survived the centuries, and was translated by R. H. Charles. In this book, Enoch wrote, "And I went from then to the MIDDLE OF THE EARTH, and I saw a blessed place in which there were trees with branches abiding and blooming." (Chap 26:1) He speaks also of the ABYSS in the earth -- his word for the hollow of our earth. He spoke of "columns of FIRE" that struggle "together to the end of the ABYSS" referring to the solar wind from the inner sun that emanates out through the polar openings to light up the auroras at the polar ends of the earth. (Chap 21:4-5) He speaks of the four rivers that come out of the Garden of Eden that "take their course in the CAVITY OF THE NORTH" indicating that he knew the north polar opening exists and within the earth is located the lost Garden of Eden and its four rivers that flow to the four points of the compass thus giving the earth "four corners" that the scriptures speak of. (see Isa 11:12). Enoch knew that the righteous dead are taken to the inner sun Paradise or Heaven of the Spiritual World of this earth saying, "and thus have the spirits of the righteous been separated. Namely, by a CHASM (the hollow), by WATER (the earth's shell covered with oceans), and by LIGHT (the inner sun) above it."(Chap 22:9-10).
In the Book of Moses, revealed to the American prophet Joseph Smith, in a passage about Enoch is recorded, "And it came to pass that Enoch looked upon the earth; and he heard a voice from the BOWELS thereof saying: Wo, wo is me, the mother of men; I am pained, I am weary, because of the wickedness of my children. When shall I rest, and be cleansed from the filthiness which is gone FORTH OUT OF ME? When will my Creator sanctify me, that I may rest, and righteousness for a season abide upon my FACE?" (Moses 7:48)
Enoch knew, as was revealed to Job, that our "Mother" earth has a WOMB from whence our first parents emerged to outer earth. The fresh water icebergs of the Arctic also emerge from Inner Earth through the North Polar Opening. To Job, the Lord asked, "Out of WHOSE WOMB came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who had gendered it? The waters are hid as with a stone (icebergs), and the face of the deep is frozen." (Job 37:14,15) Many exotic animals from Inner Earth have been found entombed in the Arctic ice on Arctic shores, such as the woolly mammoth, hairy rhinoceros, giant deer, and lion, that, according to Hollow Earth explorer, Olaf Jansen, fell into inner earth rivers that freeze over in the Arctic winter where they instantly died, frozen and subsequently washed out to sea ending up on the shores of Siberia.
From the Forgotten Books of Eden, in the Book of Adam and Eve, we learn that our first parents were inhabitants of Our Hollow Earth, and journeyed to outer earth through communicating caverns from the Garden of Eden within. When the Lord expelled them from the Garden of Eden, he told them to go dwell in the Cave of Treasures, where they got lost. After wandering many, many days in the cavern they emerged to our outer world and remarked that our sun was hot and more brilliant than the soft light of the inner sun that shone in the Garden of Eden of the Inner World. Chapter XVI says that, "Inasmuch as while he was in the garden and heard the voice of God and the sound He made in the garden, and feared Him, Adam never saw the brilliant light of the sun, neither did the flaming heat thereof touch his body."
Hollow Earth researcher, Bruce Walton, made an excellent case that I-AM-THE-MAN of the book, ETIDORPHA, was actually William Morgan, an initiate of Free Masonry who decided to publish their secret rites in 1826. I have a copy of his book. For publishing their secret rites, the Free Masons had him thrown in jail for a small debt. They then kidnapped him out of jail and threw a dead body in a lake saying
Admiral ByrdIn 1964, Raymond W. Bernard, an esotericist and leader of the Rosicrucians published The Hollow Earth - The Greatest Geographical Discovery in History Made by Admiral Richard E. Byrd in the Mysterious Land Beyond the Poles - The True Origin of the Flying Saucers.
Atlantis is een hypothetisch eilandenrijk waarvan men niet weet of het ooit heeft bestaan. Door een catastrofe zou het rijk plotseling zijn verdwenen. De Atlantische oceaan dankt zijn naam aan dit hypothetische gebied.Volgens de overlevering leefden de bewoners van Atlantis in een gouden tijd. Ze waren begaafde zeelieden die een rijke zeevloot bezaten. Verder zouden ze een grote kennis hebben gehad van onder andere de astronomie, bouwkunst en wiskunde. De bewoners van Atlantis zouden verbonden geweest zijn aan de goden: de Atlantiërs moesten haar wetten volgen.
De Griekse filosoof Plato (427-347 voor Christus) was de eerste die over Atlantis schreef, waarbij hij ervan overtuigd leek dat dit land werkelijk heeft bestaan, omdat de overgrootvader van Plato hierover verhalen had gehoord van Solon, die het weer van een Egyptische priester had gehoord. Hoe het land eruit zag, is door Plato in detail beschreven. Onder andere was er op het eiland een tempel gewijd aan de god Poseidon, de god van de zee. Het eiland Atlantis, lag buiten de Middellandse Zee, dus nog verder dan de Zuilen van Hercules (de straat van Gibraltar).
Volgens Plato verdween het rijk ongeveer 9500 voor Christus door een wereldwijde catastrofe, een soort zondvloed, waardoor ieder spoor van het land werd weggewist.
Het verhaal van Plato over een mythisch eiland komt over de hele wereld in vele verhalen voor, in de vorm van een aards paradijs, dat ten ondergaat aan natuurrampen, zoals aardbevingen of vloedgolven. Sommigen denken dat Plato geïnspireerd was door de vulkanische gebeurtenissen op het eiland Santorini.
In zijn dialogen 'Timaeos' en vooral 'Kritias' vertelt Plato uitgebreid over een eiland, "groter dan Noord-Afrika en Klein-Azië bij elkaar", waarvan de bevolking in overvloed en weelde leefde, zo'n 11.000 jaar geleden. De wijsgeer Plato zegt dat zijn verhaal op waarheid berustte. De beroemde dichter en staatsman Solon uit Athene had het 200 jaar voordien aan zijn overgrootvader verteld. Tijdens een bezoek aan Egypte had Solon namelijk in de stad Saïs een priester ontmoet. Die vertelde hem uitvoerig over de overwinning van de Grieken op "een machtig leger dat, vanuit een ver punt in de Atlantische Oceaan, oprukte om Europa te veroveren. De indringers kwamen van een eiland Atlantis, buiten de Zuilen van Hercules (de huidige straat van Gibraltar)".
In de onvoltooide dialoog "Kritias" geeft Plato een zeer gedetailleerde beschrijving van het centrum van het machtige Atlantis-rijk. Omstreeks 9.500 voor Christus verdween het door een wereldwijde catastrofe naar de bodem van de zee en wiste daarmee haast ieder spoor van zijn bestaan uit: "De oude hoofdstad was rijk aan natuurlijke bronnen en er was voedsel in overvloed. Hoge bergen boden beschutting tegen de noordenwind en over de weiden zwierven dieren zoals olifanten en paarden, die dronken uit meren en rivieren. Er regeerden 10 koningen over dit paradijselijke eiland en de bewoners leefden er in volmaakte harmonie".
Volgens Plato was de oude hoofdstad van Atlantis een streng geometrisch uitgebouwd systeem van concentrische cirkels met om beurten een ommuurd eiland en een kanaal, met een totale doorsnede van 22,5 km. Op het cirkelvormige centrale eiland waren er sportterreinen, het koninklijk paleis en een tempel, toegewijd aan de zeegod Poseidon, beschermgod van de stad. Het hoofdeiland werd helemaal ingesloten door een cirkelvormig 183 meter breed kanaal. Daarrond was opnieuw een ringvormig eiland, 365 meter breed, met een paardenrenbaan, een kazerne en een grote binnenhaven. Het was gescheiden door een even breed kanaal van de derde buitenste landring. Aan één kant liep een kanaal rechtstreeks van de zee doorheen dit geometrische complex tot een binnenhaven in het centrum. Volgens de beschrijving van Plato moet Atlantis er in werkelijkheid ongeveer hebben uitgezien zoals op het hier afgebeelde grondplan en de beeldreconstructie.
Antarctica als Atlantis
Een mogelijke theorie (in 1966 gepubliceerd door Prof. Dr. Charles Hapgood in zijn boek "Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings") dat Antarctica de plaats is waar het vroegere Atlantis zou moeten hebben gelegen, wordt ondersteund door het gegeven dat op een aantal middeleeuwse wereldkaarten (de 'wereld' voor zover bekend in die tijd) Antarctica nauwkeurig staat getekend, terwijl men het bestaan ervan nog niet eens wist. De bekendste hiervan is de Piri Reis kaart uit 1513. Zeer opmerkelijk op deze kaart is dat Antarctica nauwkeurig is getekend als een eilanden-groep, zoals het werkelijk uitziet onder de gigantische ijskap die de eilanden vandaag de dag (en in de Middeleeuwen) met elkaar verbindt. Hoe kon men dit gegeven toen al weten? Cartografen in die tijd moeten de 'kennis' van Antarctica van nog veel oudere kaarten hebben overgenomen. Kaarten die we vandaag als verloren moeten beschouwen. Er moet in ieder geval een volk zijn geweest dat in een periode lang vóór de Middeleeuwen begonnen al kennis had van de eilanden van Antarctica. Dit moet dan zeer waarschijnlijk in de laatste ijstijd zijn geweest, toen het grootste gedeelte van het noordelijke halfrond onder een dikke ijskap lag en sommige delen van Antarctica juist een zachter klimaat hadden. Het is mogelijk dat er toen een volk leefde dat de zeeën rond Antarctica bevoer of er misschien zelfs woonde. Het jaartal van 9500 voor Christus waar volgens Plato dit volk verdween, ligt ook dicht in de buurt van het einde van de laatste ijstijd, zo'n 10.000 jaar geleden. Een andere theorie over de verdwijning van Atlantis spreekt over een verschuiving van de aardkorst, waarbij Atlantis opgeschoven zou zijn richting zuidpool en zodoende op korte termijn met een ijslaag bedekt werd.
Tegenstanders van deze Antarctica-theorie geven als tegenargument dat het ijs 5 tot 30 miljoen jaar oud is. Uit een recent onderzoek op het Vostokstation is gebleken dat het ijs daar 420.000 jaar oud is.
April 26th, 1986 the number four reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded,
releasing a plume that irradiated large parts of Europe and parts of Eastern North America.
Releasing more fallout than Hiroshima, at the time it was front page news, a major disaster.
Today, we don't think much about Chernobyl's reactor number four, but it still sits there,
beneath a crumbling concrete sarcophagus, full of holes and just waiting to collapse.
What the average person doesn't know is that the "sarcophagus" (the term most know the
cover by, although it is called the Shelter by the soviet government) is structurally
unsound. Built atop already unstable ruins of the original reactor building, this shelter
was already repaired and reinforced in 2006. Pieces sit, ready to collapse and release
new and equally as dangerous plumes of radioactive dust from this site. 200 tons, let me
say that again, 200 TONS of radioactive materials sit there, their degradation into safe
materials far beyond the scope of any lifetime, projections put Chernobyl finally being
safe in around 720,000 years. Tours go through there, and it IS relatively safe, as most
of the radiation has sunk below the ground, and they say this as though that is a good thing.
But those of us who think beyond the moment, beyond TODAY realize that as it sinks, it WILL
reach the water table.
Information released these days about Chernobyl, to the people interested enough,
puts a kinder light on things, yet they forget to mention that this area that is
now "safe"
for people to tour through is still surrounded by the original firetrucks, ambulances and
various other vehicles that responded to the first fire, as those vehicles are still too
irradiated to be moved. They neglect to inform you of the food restrictions on farms and
stock animals in England, Sweden and Finland. In questions posed during a Q and A with the
BBC and "experts" on the subject, one man asked if his wife's thyroid problems and his
daughters fertility problems were results of his living in West Germany with them during
the disaster, the answer was that it was highly unlikely yet they admitted at the same time
that significant fallout occured in Southern Germany.
Now,as we approach 2009 the children and youths irriadiated by the disaster are
starting to have kids of their own and the genetic mutations from their exposure to the
radiation are causing birth defects in THEIR children. 2 million people live in areas
contaminated by fallout just within Belarus alone. In the affected areas of Belarus, the
incidences of various cancers have increased anywhere from 30 to 76%...yet MILLIONS of
people still live in areas where they are more likely to get cancer than not. The
population of Belarus has actually STOPPED growing.
So despite the fact that we know the sarcophagus is crumbling, and that if it collapses
before a new one is built the effects of the original Chernobyl disaster will be
repeated, the plans to build the new shelter put it optimistically in 2010. However,
during none of my research into this did I find ANY plans to stop the leaching of the
radioactive lava and other wastes into the ground, and subsequently into the water table.
It's my opinion that, knowing the possible threat posed by the precarious state of
reactor number 4, authorities should be in a little bit more of a hurry to seal off the
threat in a more secure way. Maybe we should ask the people of Belarus?
The following article was translated by Vera Rich, and was published in Dzianis Ramaniuk.
Children of Chernobyl
For ten years, in Belarus – which received 70 per cent of the fallout from Chernobyl – people
suffering from thyroid cancer were not recognized as victims of a nuclear catastrophe, in
particular the sick children born before or after the accident. Twenty years later, photographer
Anatol Klashchuk returned to the Baraulany oncology hospital, where he had photographed child
patients shortly after the Chernobyl accident, and found that it is still full of people
suffering from radiation-induced cancer.
Today is a special day for me, a happy one: I am going to a meeting with a former oncology "prisoner".
It is almost 15 years since we last saw each other, since the time I photographed him in the
Baraulany clinic, one of many seriously ill boys and girls, tied to a drip-feed, bald-headed,
wrapped in a padded quilt. Then he was dying of leukaemia. "Chernobyl children" we used
to call – and still do – the ones like this sick lad. Some of them, worn out and exhausted
by illness, never went outside those walls again. But this one was more fortunate.
So today I shall see a completely different person, a tall, dignified lad, full of joie-de-vivre,
with sparkling eyes, good-looking, with no trace to be seen of all he has lived through.
He is a student at Mahilou University, a future engineer, with plenty of friends – and in love.
An ordinary lad, like many others, one of the new generation who have been given the chance
to build their own future. Of course, I am happy when such meetings take place.
But I am also unhappy. For in them there is a sense of my years of wandering the gloomy
corridors of hospital cancer units, where children were dying in agony. By tens and hundreds.
They justify my intervention in that strange life and strange sorrow to which even their
nearest were not admitted. Did I ever think, did I ever hope, that such a day would come?
It is difficult for me to acknowledge this now, but at that time I had no such belief.
A smallish room with one window. Four beds, and beside each a drip-feed with bottles of fluid.
Many people in the room. A child in each bed. A mother beside it. But an unnatural silence in the room.
For the children, their faces pale and puffy from hormone treatment and the veins in their
arms damaged by the needles, lie motionless. The mothers watch how the drops of chemical
solution run down the transparent tubes. In their bowed, exhausted figures one can see resignation and weariness.
Their heads are full of frightening and heavy thoughts, and this can easily be read in their eyes – sad eyes,
filled with tears. But hope, even the last hope, gives them strength. I have seen this, too,
in the neighbouring ward, through the wall, and in the next one, and the one opposite.
While in the surgical block they were starting to remove the kidney of a three-year-old boy.
Children doomed to death. Doomed by something unseen and unknown.
The doctors are fighting for their lives with all their ability and knowledge and the mothers hope for the best.
Once I happened to be an involuntary witness to how a young mother was kissing
her little daughter, not believing the doctor's words that the little girl's days were numbered.
This family from a remote Chernobyl village in the ill-equipped ward of an old hospital became
for me a symbol of an unshakeable and insuperable faith in resisting the Chernobyl tragedy.
This little girl was only two years old – she was born at the time of Chernobyl.
Strange and incomprehensible was the post-Chernobyl time in Belarus. For a full ten years,
in the country which received 70 per cent of the fallout, people suffering from thyroid
cancer were not recognized as victims of a nuclear catastrophe, in particular,
the sick children born before or after the accident. Society still needed to assert its
right to justice and truth. And it asserted it with patience and suffering.
Nothing was said about other illnesses. Oncology units were full to overflowing.
Today we are a little more experienced and are not afraid to speak of the adverse
effect of radiation on people's heath. But at that time, the Chernobyl factor was deliberately ignored.
But a threat existed – not only to the individual victims, but to an entire generation.
And the first innocent victims of this war were the children.
How could one feel this, see this, and then pretend that nothing had happened?
Even today, 20 years on, the Belarusian Thyroid Cancer Centre, set up shortly after the
Chernobyl accident, is full of patients, adults and children. The director and founder
of the Centre, Doctor Jauhien Dziamidchyk, is one of the first in Belarus to warn
people of the harmful effect of the Chernobyl fallout on human health.
In Belarus in the period following the accident, the number of children suffering
from thyroid cancer rose 50-fold. In the 13 years before the accident, only eight
such cases were recorded in Belarus, in the next 13 years there were 726.
As before, those who fell ill were mainly young people up to 35 years old.
Nadzieja Klimovic was born two years after the Chernobyl catastrophe.
In her seventh year, the doctors diagnosed her as suffering from cerebral oedema and she
was admitted to the haematology unit in Minsk to which children diagnosed with leukaemia
were sent from all over Belarus. The treatment was long and difficult: for a whole year
she was confined to a hospital bed. Here, for the first time and before she could read
and write, she heard strange and incomprehensible words – Chernobyl, radiation, strontium,
thyroid gland, puncture, biopsy, cancer, chemotherapy, intensive care. Her mother was
constantly at her side. But for some reason, she did not want to explain to the little
girl what these words meant. Nor did she tell her why Nasta,
her neighbour in the ward, "went home" without saying goodbye.
Just the day before she had been playing with her in the long corridor, swapping dolls,
and she had said nothing. And Vitalik, in the next room, who was just her age, also vanished somewhere.
They took him away one evening on a gurney and she never saw him again.
But she did see Nasta's Mummy; she was crying and burying her face in her hands.
This upset Nadzieja very much and she clung to her own Mummy.
And Mummy's presence helped the little girl get better more quickly.
And they went home together happily – there was no tumour or metastasis,
the analyses were good. They were dreaming that at last Nadzieja would cross the threshold of the school.
There were joyful encounters with the world outside, with home, and relatives.
But their joy was short-lived: soon there was a recurrence of the disease,
her condition deteriorated sharply, and once again an urgent journey to Minsk.
The familiar hospital, the intensive care unit. Only this time the doctors' efforts were in vain.
Nadzieja's death was one more on the list of the oncology victims and made me even more aware
that we are living in a country of dying children. Many more, just like Nadzieja, will
become sacrifices to modern civilization. And this thought alone is terrifying.
For no one knows if their son or daughter will be next. I could not but attend Nadzieja's farewell,
I had no moral right not to go. I had become her friend, and while she was undergoing treatment,
I had photographed her many times. I did this in the certainty that this little girl must get better,
that she would grow up interesting and pretty, and would have a happy destiny.
And I looked forward to taking more photographs to bear witness to her happy path through life.
The doctors often called Nadzieja a photo-model and the trusting little patient gratefully
responded to the smiles of the people in white coats as a sign of hope in her rapid recovery.
Often she did not understand her mother's tears when the doctors said such nice things to her!
But nothing could save this little girl, not the profound symbolism of her name, which means "Hope",
not her parents' prayers, not radiotherapy, not chemotherapy. No miracle happened.
And the terrible illness once again confirmed its essential nature: that it cannot be cured.
Often I felt a desire to finish all this. And at this time, especially, I wanted to take my
camera away far beyond the walls of this oncology clinic and to weep like a sick man myself.
But I knew that Nadzieja's death must not stop the course of this sad chronicle. I had to tell
the world what my country was being forced to endure because of the disaster at this shoddily
built nuclear station. And so I went back to Baraulany, to the Oncology Centre, which by now had
become known throughout Europe. The Centre where pain and death intersect and coexist in
some strange way with hope and rescue. Every year, some 300 children with various oncological
diseases of the blood and body pass through Baraulany. Not all of them are destined to survive;
not all of them have equal chances, but every one of them has the chance to strive,
take the risk, and try. This is, as it were, the site of an uninterrupted struggle,
sometimes unpromising, hopeless, and with no result. But while a mother believes, hopes, and prays,
this unequal struggle will continue. I should like to put up a monument to the Chernobyl mother,
who so heroically treads this via dolorosa beside her mortally sick children.
Meanwhile in Belarus, almost 2 million people, including half-a-million children,
still live in the areas contaminated by radioactive fallout. In the affected counties,
the public health registers testify that the incidence of endocrine disorders and diseases
of the nervous system has doubled. Diseases of the respiratory system are up by 76 per cent,
of the alimentary organs by 79 per cent, congenital defects are up 80 per cent, oncological
illnesses by 27 per cent, and thyroid cancers by 30 per cent. For 38 specific diseases,
the child morbidity rate has increased; child mortality generally has trebled.
Population growth in Belarus has been halted. Of course, the aftermath of Chernobyl is not the
only factor responsible for these gloomy indices, but radiation has been the catalyst.
No one can now remember exactly when the first premonition of this great sorrow entered the home of 11-year-old Natasha.
It was certainly not when the little girl's leg began to grow more and more painful:
in a big peasant family no one pays much attention to childish complaints.
Nor was it when the pain made it impossible for her to sleep at nights, They thought: this is temporary, it will pass.
They took her to the provincial hospital, and – just in case – she was put in plaster.
Maybe it was then she began to feel frightened and felt trouble coming when her nine-year old neighbour died of leucosis.
Only in the Minsk accident and emergency hospital did her mother suddenly experience the
shock of hearing where they were sending her daughter. For who in Belarus has not heard of Baraulany?
And there they reached the terrible diagnosis. Cancer.
If they had amputated her leg straightaway, maybe today there would be no regrets.
But what mother would not take the risk, would not struggle to the end?
Two years went by with the hard struggle for survival, full of suffering, grief, and tears.
And the oncologists did everything possible.
They used chemotherapy and radiotherapy, they operated on the liver and lungs to destroy the metastases,
and in place of the diseased sections of leg-bone they implanted a plastic brace.
Perhaps an operation abroad, where medicine is at a significantly higher level, would have helped,
but who is there to help simple, penniless peasants? Amputation of the little girl's leg was unavoidable.
And now? Natasha is a different person. In a certain sense, a new and free one.
She learned to walk again with a prosthesis and to swim and ride a bicycle.
To go to school again, help in the house, look after the younger ones.
She is not only reconciled to her condition but has accepted it as part of her life.
And only rarely now does a look of sadness appear on her face.
But her earlier fear of the unknown future remains insurmountable, for she knows literally everything about her illness.
And not only from the five years she spent in Baraulany.
How could she not be aware that recently in her own fairly small village several people have died of cancer?
And who can tell her what is happening to her and the rest of them now?
She knows only that there was nothing like this before Chernobyl.
On the collective farm in another village, the whole herd of milch-cows went down with leucosis.
And their calves, too, are born with it.
I have long since ceased to ask myself what point there is in this terrible chronicle
of children's suffering and deaths, whether it is worth continuing or whether enough
has been said, written, and done about it already. When these questions first came to me,
I wondered if it would be right to "change course"; enough sadness. But our society is strange.
Many people already consider the Chernobyl catastrophe as belonging to the past.
After all, the inhabitants of the contaminated areas have been resettled,
so why go on worrying and spending unending sums of money? That is well-known.
But somehow it seems to me that these people have not come into contact with the sorrow that has consumed thousands of children and their parents.
Twenty years after, it is no longer so urgent to seek Chernobyl in the evacuated zone,
long-since robbed by looters and blackened by fires. But Chernobyl lives on in our bodies,
blood, and bones; research on the Chernobyl problem should be directed first and foremost at
the physical state of the population: at the health of individuals and of the nation as a whole.
The uninhabited zone, like it or not, will demand our attention for a long time yet.
I go there from time to time seeking strange, exotic, sharp sentiments.
The Zone remains a symbol of this greatest of catastrophes.
But not the main one, not the principal one. It is, indeed, a visible part of the tragedy.
But there is another one, one with a face and a future that are not apparent to everyone.
And I know that I am seeking for that invisible wall that separates us, the healthy and happy,
who know neither sorrow nor suffering, and those who have already reached the very edge of the fatal borne.
And what do I want to say in the photographs of these child patients and of medical research establishments?
And why, for so many years, have I read in mothers' eyes the reproach that I am,
so to speak, "recording" their children and felt I was guilty? No one ever forced me to do this,
no one asked, and certainly no one planned it – no one has forbidden it.
Why is it so important to know this, to see and to photograph, to show others?
The photographs taken in oncology units cannot leave one unmoved: they arouse anxiety and alarm and
trigger many new, complex questions, one of which cannot go unasked: is this Chernobyl?
Even two decades has proved too short a time to answer exactly what it is that is
happening to us, and what awaits us in the future. Where are the limits to Chernobyl in space and time?
This article is published in Dzianis Ramaniuk (ed.), Chernobyl, 2006.
Eén van de tijdsperioden van de Lange Telling van de Maya's is de baktun, die 144.000 dagen lang is. In sommige geschriften van de Maya's wordt na 13 baktuns (precies 1.872.000 dagen) weer een nieuwe periode van de Lange Telling begonnen. Waarschijnlijk op 21 december 2012 zal de Lange Telling van de Mayakalender zo'n nieuwe periode begonnen, weer bij 0.0.0.0.0 (zie de Historische Kalenderbladzijde), en daarvan verwachten sommige mensen dat er speciale verschijnselen aan de hemel of op Aarde bij komen die anders niet te verwachten zijn.
De interesse voor 21 december 2012 lijkt aangewakkerd te zijn door publicaties van John Major Jenkins, die (als ik het goed begrijp) van mening is dat de Maya's hun Lange Telling precies zo ontwierpen dat op de aankomende speciale datum 0.0.0.0.0 een zuidelijke zonnewende valt (waarop de winter van het noordelijke halfrond begint) en bovendien de Zon dan in het midden van de Melkweg staat. Meneer Jenkins leidt dit af uit langdurig onderzoek van nagelaten documenten en andere sporen van de Maya's. Zie http://alignment2012.com voor zijn mening.
Voor zover ik weet is er geen geschrift van de Maya's gevonden waarin ze zelf (ondubbelzinnig) uitleggen hoe ze hebben gekozen op welke dag hun Lange Telling moest beginnen (of op welke dag de speciale datum 0.0.0.0.0 weer terug moest komen), dus kunnen we niet zeker weten waarom de Maya's hun kalender precies zo gemaakt hebben. Wel kunnen we hierover een mening hebben, gebaseerd op hoe we andere kennis van de cultuur van de Maya's en van andere kalenders opvatten en hoeveel gewicht we aan elk feit en elke mening geven. Verschillende mensen kunnen hierover verschillende meningen hebben.
De basisargumenten van veel verhalen over 21 december 2012 lijken als volgt te zijn:
Precies op 21 december 2012 gebeurt er een zekere speciale astronomischesamenstand die zo zeldzaam is dat hij lange tijd (eeuwen, of misschien wel duizenden jaren) voor en na die datum niet gebeurt.
21 december 2012 valt in de Lange Telling van de Maya's op de ronde datum 0.0.0.0.0.
De Maya's hebben de Lange Telling precies zo ontworpen dat de speciale samenstand op de ronde datum 0.0.0.0.0 in hun Lange Telling zou vallen, ver in hun toekomst.
De Maya's hadden de kennis om de speciale samenstand tot op een dag precies goed te voorspellen.
Vanwege die samenstand zijn er op precies 21 december 2012 speciale verschijnselen of gebeurtenissen te verwachten aan de hemel of op Aarde.
Mijn stelling is dat er 21 december 2012 geen natuurwetenschappelijk interessante dingen zullen gebeuren die verbonden zijn met de samenstand. Hieronder licht ik de argumenten toe.
De samenstand valt niet duidelijk op één bepaalde dag, maar omvat een periode van vele jaren.
De Melkweg is een lichtende band aan de hemel die alleen (soms) 's nachts buiten vanaf donkere plekken ver van alle steden en andere lichtbronnen te zien is. De Melkweg heeft een vaste plaats te midden van de sterren aan de hemel. Het jaarlijkse pad van de Zon aan de hemel tussen de sterren gaat op twee plekken door de Melkweg heen, in de buurt van de sterrenbeeldenBoogschutter en Tweelingen. De Zon beweegt dus tweemaal per jaar aan de hemel door de Melkweg.
De zuidelijke zonnewende (het begin van de winter van het noordelijke halfrond, de zomer van het zuidelijke halfrond) valt in de Gregoriaansekalender elk jaar rond 21 december (rond 11:13 UTC op 21 december in 2012). De plek waar de Zon dan tussen de sterren aan de hemel staat verschuift langzaam, vanwege de precessie van de equinoxen. In ongeveer 26.000 jaar schuift die plek eenmaal de hele hemel rond (ten opzichte van de sterren), ongeveer langs de ecliptica (het jaarlijkse pad van de Zon tussen de sterren aan de hemel), dus schuift het zuidelijke zonnewendepunt aan de hemel tweemaal per 26.000 jaar door de Melkweg.
De Melkweg heeft geen hele duidelijke grenzen, maar is gemiddeld ongeveer 12 graden breed aan de hemel, en het zonnewendepunt doet er pakweg 12°/360°*26000 = ongeveer 900 jaar over om zo'n afstand af te leggen.
De Melkweg heeft ook geen hele duidelijke middellijn, dus is er ook onzekerheid over wanneer het zonnewendepunt die middellijn oversteekt. Verschillende groepen kunnen elk een redelijke middellijn definiëren die toch hier en daar van elkaar afwijken. Als we bijvoorbeeld schatten dat de onzekerheid over de "beste" middellijn van de Melkweg een halve graad is (slechts een klein deel van de breedte van de Melkweg), dan is de bijbehorende onzekerheid in de datum waarop het zonnewendepunt de middellijn oversteekt 0,5°/360°*26000 = ongeveer 36 jaar.
De samenstand van het zuidelijke zonnewendepunt met de Melkweg is dus wel redelijk zeldzaam (het gebeurt maar eens per ongeveer 13.000 jaar) maar duurt ook vele jaren.
Als je de middellijn van de Melkweg aanneemt die door de IAU is bepaald (zie vraag 480), dan is (gebaseerd op wat experimenten met het planetariumprogramma Redshift 5) het zuidelijke zonnewendepunt de middellijn van de Melkweg al aan het begin van 1999 overgestoken.
Het is aannemelijk maar niet zeker dat de Lange Telling 0.0.0.0.0 op 21 december 2012 valt.
Het precieze verband tussen de Lange Telling en moderne kalenders is verloren gegaan toen de Spaanse veroveraars in de 16e eeuw veel van de geschriften van de Maya's hebben vernietigd. In de loop van de tijd is de begindatum van de Lange Telling aan veel verschillende data in onze kalenders gekoppeld die soms wel 1000 jaar uit elkaar lagen.
Het lijkt mij onwaarschijnlijk dat de Maya's als (bijna?) het enige volk een kalender hadden gebaseerd op een datum ver in hun toekomst.
Het lijkt mij onwaarschijnlijk dat de Maya's (of enig ander volk) een kalender zouden willen ontwerpen zodat een bepaalde mooie ronde datum in die kalender overeen komt met een bepaalde samenstand aan de hemel meer dan 2000 jaar in hun toekomst. Alle kalenders die ik ken met een bepaalde dag als referentiepunt hebben als dat referentiepunt een voor de kalendermakers belangrijke dag in hun verleden, zoals de geboorte of het begin van de regering van een belangrijke leider, of de stichting van een belangrijke stad of van het land, of het (aangenomen) begin van de wereld.
Het idee dat de Lange Telling ontworpen is om 0.0.0.0.0 te hebben op 21 december 2012 is bedacht omdat het pas geleden iemand opviel dat het eerstvolgende begin van een nieuwe periode van 13 baktun (op 21 december 2012) valt op een dag van een zonnewende. Munro Edmonson schrijft [Edmonson, p. 119]:
There was, however, nothing arbitrary about the fixing of the end of the Long Count era. Victoria Bricker has pointed out to me that 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 3 Kankin corresponds to an astronomically correct winter solstice: December 21, 2012 A.D. (Julian day number 2456283). Thus there appears to be a strong likelihood that the eral calendar, like the year calendar, was motivated by a long-range astronomical prediction, one that made a correct solsticial forecast 2,367 years into the future in 355 B.C.
Een Nederlandse vertaling hiervan is:
Er was echter niets toevalligs aan het vaststellen van het eind van de Lange Telling. Victoria Bricker heeft me erop gewezen dat 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 3 Kankin overeenkomt met een astronomisch correcte zonnewende: 21 december 2012 (Juliaanse dagnummer 2456283). Er lijkt dus een grote waarschijnlijkheid dat de erakalender, net als de jaarkalender, gemotiveerd werd door een astronomische voorspelling op lange termijn, een die in 355 v.Chr. 2367 jaar in de toekomst een zonnewende correct voorspelde.
(De genoemde 13.0.0.0.0 komt overeen met de 0.0.0.0.0 die ik elders meld.) Afwezig uit deze beschrijving (en uit zijn omgeving in het boek) is enige aanwijzing hierover uit teksten van de uitvinders of gebruikers van de Lange Telling zelf. Dat wij vinden dat het zo mooi past zegt niets over wat de uitvinders in gedachten hadden toen ze de Lange Telling uitvonden.
Volgens mij hadden de Maya's niet de kennis om de datum van zo'n samenstand ruim tweeduizend jaar van tevoren met grote waarschijnlijkheid tot op een dag precies goed te kunnen voorspellen.
De Maya's konden natuurlijk wel een bepaalde dag ruim tweeduizend jaar in hun toekomst kiezen, net zoals iedereen dat kan doen, maar ze hadden niet de kennis om zo ver in hun toekomst met grote waarschijnlijkheid de juiste dag te voorspellen voor de samenstand.
Om met grote waarschijnlijkheid de juiste dag te kunnen berekenen moesten de Maya's de volgende dingen kunnen doen:
De middellijn van de Melkweg heel nauwkeurig definiëren, en dus de posities van sterren heel nauwkeurig meten.
Als die middellijn niet nauwkeurig vastgelegd is dan kun je ook niet nauwkeurig bepalen wanneer het zonnewendepunt die middellijn oversteekt. Het zonnewendepunt verschuift slechts ongeveer 360/26000 = 1/70 graad per jaar, dus om het precieze jaar te kunnen voorspellen waarin de samenstand gaat gebeuren zouden de Maya's een middellijn van de Melkweg hebben moeten definiëren met een nauwkeurigheid van beter dan 1/70 graad. Die hoekafstand is zo'n beetje gelijk aan de grens van wat het menselijke oog nog kan onderscheiden. Ik heb echter nog nooit gehoord van een sterrenatlas van de Maya's waarop de middellijn van de Melkweg of de posities van sterren zo nauwkeurig aangegeven staan.
De beweging van het zonnewendepunt nauwkeurig voorspellen.
Als je het tijdstip van een zonnewende of nachtevening met een nauwkeurigheid van één dag kunt vaststellen uit waarnemingen (wat wel redelijk lijkt als je geen moderne instrumenten hebt), dan heb je om een voorspelling met een waarschijnlijke nauwkeurigheid van één dag te doen waarnemingen nodig die ongeveer zoveel jaren in het verleden beslaan als het aantal jaren in de toekomst waarvoor je de voorspelling wilt doen.
Om over 2367 jaren de dag van een zuidelijke zonnewende precies goed te voorspellen moeten de Centraal-Amerikanen dan in de 4e eeuw voor onze jaartelling al nauwkeurige notities van waarnemingen aan zonnewendes en nachteveningen gehad hebben van de voorgaande ongeveer 2400 jaar, en daarvoor zijn al helemaal geen aanwijzingen gevonden.
De samenstand heeft geen astronomische of natuurwetenschappelijke betekenis.
De samenstand is vanaf de Aarde onzichtbaar, want de Zon staat dan in het zonnewendepunt dus is het zonnewendepunt alleen overdag boven de horizon.
Er zijn geen speciale krachten verbonden met de samenstand, dus zullen de planeten en andere hemellichamen gewoon hun gebruikelijke banen volgen.
Bijvoorbeeld: Mercurius is dan 15,5 graden ten westen van de Zon, en Jupiter 159,4 graden ten oosten van de Zon. De planeten staan dan niet bijzonder dicht bij elkaar, dus zie ik niets bijzonders aan hun stand op die dag.
Hier is een plaatje (gemaakt met xplns) van de stand van de Zon, Maan en planeten aan de hemel op 21 december 2012. De ronde witte vlek (onder de naam "Pluto") is de Zon, en de halve ronde vlek tussen Jupiter en Uranus is de Maan. De witte lijnen geven ongeveer de randen van de Melkweg aan. Ook hieraan zie ik niets bijzonders.
Naast de basisargumenten die ik hierboven noemde kom ik ook andere beweringen tegen in verband met 21 december 2012 of astronomische kennis van de Maya's. Hieronder meld ik er een paar, met mijn reactie.
De Zon (en dus ook de ecliptica) komt aan de hemel niet dichter bij het centrum van de Melkweg dan 5 graden (tienmaal de schijnbare diameter van de Zon en de Maan aan de hemel), en dat gebeurt bovendien niet op 21 december maar rond 18 december, en niet alleen in 2012 maar elk jaar weer.
Het kan natuurlijk zijn dat de Maya's een ander punt als centrum van de Melkweg zagen dan wij doen, maar ik weet niet van een geschrift van de Maya's waarin dat punt nauwkeurig vastgelegd is, dus is er geen bewijs voor dat de Maya's hierom 2012 als speciaal jaar zagen.
Dit is complete onzin. Zonsopkomst gebeurt niet overal op Aarde op hetzelfde moment, en de samenstand is van dingen buiten de Aarde en hangt niet af van waar je op Aarde bent, en dus ook niet ervan of het daar dan zonsopkomst is.
Het kan natuurlijk zijn dat voor de Maya's de zonsopkomst een speciale tijd van de dag is en dat een speciale gebeurtenis bij voorkeur bij zonsopkomst gevierd moet worden, maar dat zegt niets over de samenstand zelf.
"Wij steken dan door het vlak van de Melkweg heen naar de andere kant"
De Zon is nu een paar dozijn lichtjaren ten noorden van het vlak van de Melkweg. Nog niet iedereen is het er over eens hoeveel precies, wat betekent dat nog niet iedereen het er over eens is waar het vlak van de Melkweg precies loopt in de buurt van de Zon. Zie vraag 337.
Als we nu een paar dozijn lichtjaren ten noorden van het vlak van de Melkweg liggen, dan is het wel duidelijk dat we niet in 2012 door dat vlak heen zullen gaan, want om bij dat vlak te komen zou de Zon zelfs met de lichtsnelheid een paar dozijn jaar over doen, en de Zon gaat verschrikkelijk veel minder snel dan het licht.
"De Maya's kenden de precessie van de equinoxen en wisten dat vijf maal de periode van 13 baktun van hun Lange Telling gelijk was aan de periode van de precessie"
Uit J. Laskar et al., 1993: Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 270, p. 522 leid ik af dat de (instantane) periode van de precessie van de equinoxen gemiddeld ongeveer 25.678 Juliaanse jaren is maar de komende 500.000 jaar varieert tussen ongeveer 24.820 en 26.550 jaar (als je de onbekende invloed van ijstijden niet meerekent). Tussen jaren −2000 en +3000 neemt de periode van de precessie af met 0,100 jaar per jaar en in het jaar 0 is de periode 25.946 jaar. (Deze lineare benadeing geeft afwijkingen van hooguit 6 jaar ten opzichte van de volledige methode, voor jaren tussen −2000 en +3000.)
De periode van de precessie van de equinoxen is ongeveer gelijk aan vijf maal de periode van 13 baktuns, en 5 * 13 = 65 baktuns is precies 9.360.000 dagen lang, ofwel ongeveer (maar niet precies) 25.626 Juliaanse jaren.
Er wordt beweerd dat de Maya's (of hun voorgangers - ik noem ze hier voor het gemak allemaal Maya's) de precessie van de equinoxen kenden en op deze manier met hun Lange Telling de precessie probeerden te volgen, en dus dat volgens de Maya's de precessie een periode had van precies 65 baktuns. Echter, ik heb geen aanwijzingen gezien dat de Maya's de precessie kenden, behalve de matige overeenkomst tussen de periode van de precessie en 65 baktuns, en die overeenkomst kan best toeval zijn. (Zie helemaal onderaan voor een bespreking van toeval.)
Om precessie aan te tonen moet je heel nauwkeurig de positie van de Zon tussen de sterren kunnen meten en dan zulke metingen vergelijken die een eeuw of meer na elkaar gemaakt zijn, want de precessie gaat heel langzaam. Na 100 jaar zullen door de precessie de verschijnselen van een bepaalde ster op een bepaalde tijd ongeveer een dag eerder gebeuren (ten opzichte van de zonnewendes en nachteveningen), of op dezelfde dag ongeveer 5 minuten eerder gebeuren. Ik heb echter nog nooit van een geschrift van de Maya's gehoord waarin de posities van een of meer sterren voldoende nauwkeurig aangegeven stonden om dit soort vergelijkingen te kunnen doen.
Bovendien was de periode van de precessie in de tijd van de Maya's niet gelijk aan 65 baktuns = 25.626 Juliaanse jaren, en is de periode van de precessie helemaal niet constant. In het jaar −500 was de periode van de precessie ongeveer 25.998 jaren en inmiddels is die afgenomen tot ongeveer 25.744 jaren. Pas rond het jaar 3176 zal de periode van de precessie gelijk zijn aan 65 baktuns.
De vroegste aanduiding in de Lange Telling die ik ken dateert uit het jaar −31, dus toen lag de Lange Telling en daarmee de datum van het eind van de periode van 13 baktuns op 21 december 2012 al vast. Als de Lange Telling inderdaad op de periode van de precessie is gebaseerd, dan zouden de Maya's dus al op of voor het jaar −31 de precessie gemeten moeten hebben (en daarvoor 65 baktuns gevonden moeten hebben). De periode van de precessie was toen ongeveer 25.951 jaar, wat 1,3 procent langer is dan 65 baktuns, dus dan zouden de Maya's toen een fout van 1,3 procent gemaakt hebben.
Zulke schijnbaar kleine verschillen kunnen op de lange duur toch grote gevolgen hebben. Volgens de gegevens van Laskar verschuift het lentepunt (en dus ook het punt van de zuidelijke zonnewende, dat precies 90 graden van het lentepunt verwijderd is) tussen de jaren −31 en 2012 over 28,46 graden, maar als de periode van de precessie gelijk was aan 65 baktuns dan zou de verschuiving 360/25626,28*(2012 - (−31)) = 28,70 graden geweest zijn. De Maya's zouden dan voor 2012 op 28,70 graden gemikt moeten hebben, maar in 2012 hebben we daarvan nog maar 28,46 graden bereikt. Het duurt nog 18 jaar extra (tot het jaar 2030) voordat de verschuiving is toegenomen tot 28,70 graden.
Hoeveel extra tijd nodig is om het verschil tussen de ware precessie en de precessie volgens een periode van 65 baktuns weg te werken hangt er van af wanneer de Lange Telling precies werd vastgelegd, omdat de periode van de precessie niet constant is. Hoe langer geleden de Lange Telling vastgelegd werd, hoe meer extra tijd nodig is. Als de Lange Telling bijvoorbeeld al rond het jaar −300 vastgelegd werd, dan zouden 21 extra jaren nodig zijn.
"De Maya's gebruikten hele nauwkeurige astronomische kennis om hun kalender te maken en daarom gebeuren er zelfs tegenwoordig op ronde data in hun kalender speciale dingen aan de hemel."
De perioden van de kalenders van de Maya's zijn altijd hetzelfde en er worden nooit extra perioden ingelast of weggelaten. Daarom kunnen de kalenders van de Maya's niet goed in de pas lopen met astronomisch bepaalde perioden.
De meeste kalenders proberen een of meer astronomisch bepaalde perioden te volgen, zoals de seizoenen of de maanstanden, maar die perioden zijn geen geheel aantal dagen lang en zijn ook niet gelijk aan een bepaalde breuk. Dat betekent dat een kalender met altijd dezelfde perioden die altijd een geheel aantal dagen lang zijn niet in de pas kan lopen met een astronomische periode. Een kalender met altijd 365 dagen per jaar (zoals een van de kalenders van de Maya's) loopt bijvoorbeeld elk jaar ongeveer (en niet precies) 1/4 dag meer uit de pas met de seizoenen, vergeleken met het eerste jaar, dus schuift het begin van bijvoorbeeld de zomer in de loop van de jaren door alle maanden van de kalender heen.
Om toch redelijk in de pas te kunnen lopen met een astronomische periode moet een kalender dus af en toe de lengte van een periode aanpassen, of af en toe een extra periode inlassen of juist weglaten. Maankalenders gebruiken bijvoorbeeld maanden van 29 dagen en van 30 dagen, zonnekalenders lassen af en toe een schrikkeldag in, en gebonden maankalenders lassen af en toe een embolistischemaand in. Op die manier kan de gemiddelde lengte van de perioden van die kalenders een gebroken aantal dagen zijn dat dicht ligt bij de lengte van de astronomische periode die de kalender probeert te volgen. De Mayakalenders doen dit echter niet.
Ook zijn astronomisch bepaalde perioden niet constant, maar veranderen ze langzaam met de jaren. De lengte van het jaar van de seizoenen verandert bijvoorbeeld onder invloed van de zwaartekracht van de Zon en de andere planeten, en (via de precessie) onder invloed van de verdeling van massa in en op de Aarde (waaronder de stroming van materie onder het oppervlak, van water in de oceanen en van lucht in de dampkring, en de verdeling en het afsmelten van ijs). De lengte van de synodische maand neemt toe omdat de Maan zich langzaam van de Aarde verwijdert. We kunnen sommige van deze invloeden nauwkeurig voorspellen, maar andere niet (waaronder de precieze verdeling van materie in en op de Aarde en hoe dat de draaiing van de Aarde beïnvloed).
Een kalender die een astronomisch bepaalde periode wil volgen moet dus op de lange duur af en toe bijgesteld worden omdat de lengte van de astronomische perioden op een niet geheel voorspelbare wijze veranderen. Kalenders zoals de Mayakalenders met vaste regels die niet aan de hand van waarnemingen bijgesteld worden kunnen dus nooit een astronomische periode eeuwig blijven volgen, als ze dat in het begin al deden.
De Mayakalenders lopen dus niet nauwkeurig in de pas met enige astronomisch bepaalde periode.
Mijn conclusie is dat op 21 december 2012 waarschijnlijk een nieuwe periode van 13 baktuns in de Lange Telling van de Maya's begint, maar dat we niet moeten verwachten dat er vanwege het begin van die nieuwe periode wat speciaals te zien is aan de hemel.
Het lijkt mij onwaarschijnlijk dat de Maya's hebben geprobeerd hun Lange Telling zo te maken dat de nieuwe periode zou beginnen op een zuidelijke zonnewende in het midden van de Melkweg in hun verre toekomst, maar het is natuurlijk niet onmogelijk.
Als de Maya's toch hun Lange Telling op die samenstand hebben gemikt, dan hadden ze volgens mij niet voldoende kennis om met grote waarschijnlijkheid op precies de juiste dag uit te komen, dus als er al speciale verschijnselen aan de hemel te verwachten waren precies op de dag van de samenstand, dan zouden die verschijnselen waarschijnlijk niet (of niet alleen) op 21 december 2012 te zien zijn.
Ik denk dat de terugkeer van de beginstand van de Lange Telling van de Maya's in 2012 even onbelangrijk is als de 6000-ste Bijbelse verjaardag van de Aarde (gevierd in 1996), of de planeetsamenstand van mei 2000, of allerlei data die in het verleden zijn genoemd voor het einde van de wereld. Iemand die er niet van tevoren van hoorde heeft op die data niets speciaals gemerkt, en dat zal, zo voorspel ik, ook in december 2012 zo zijn.
De enige effecten die zijn te verwachten in verband met de samenstand van 21 december 2012 hebben te maken met de ophef die mensen maken over die datum. Als mensen verwachten dat er op een bepaalde datum ongewone dingen zullen gebeuren, dan zullen ze zich op die datum anders gedragen dan gewoonlijk, en dat is dan zelf al een ongewoon ding. Op deze manier kunnen ze zelf hun eigen verwachtingen waar maken.
Ik geloof dat het slechts toeval is dat 65 baktuns ongeveer gelijk zijn aan de periode van de precessie van de equinoxen en dat de komende datum 0.0.0.0.0 uit de Lange Telling op een zuidelijke zonnewende in het midden van de Melkweg valt.
Je kunt denken dat dat dan wel heel erg toevallig is, want als je de lengte van 65 baktuns willekeurig kiest dan is de kans dat dat ongeveer gelijk zal zijn aan de periode van de precessie van de equinoxen heel klein, en als je de datum 0.0.0.0.0 willekeurig kiest (zonder de zonnewende of Melkweg in acht te nemen) dan is de kans dat die datum op een zuidelijke zonnewende in het midden van de Melkweg valt ook heel klein.
Echter, de kans dat iemand met drie eerlijke dobbelstenen drie zessen werpt is ook heel klein, maar als er iemand drie zessen werpt dan is dat nog geen bewijs dat er opzet of oneerlijkheid in het spel is. Als je de dobbelstenen gooit krijg je tenslotte altijd een of andere uitkomst, en als de dobbelstenen eerlijk zijn dan is elke uitkomst even waarschijnlijk, met dezelfde kleine waarschijnlijkheid, dus is er dan dezelfde kans om drie zessen te krijgen als om, bijvoorbeeld, een twee en dan een vier en dan een drie te krijgen. Dit maakt duidelijk dat de onwaarschijnlijkheid van een gebeurtenis op zichzelf geen bewijs is dat er opzet of oneerlijkheid in het spel moet zijn.
De waarneming dat 65 baktuns ongeveer gelijk zijn aan de periode van de precessie van de equinoxen is dus op zichzelf geen bewijs dat de Maya's de precessie kenden, en de waarneming dat de echte 0.0.0.0.0 op een zuidelijke zonnewende valt als de Zon midden in de Melkweg staat is dus op zichzelf geen bewijs dat de Maya's hun Lange Telling wel moeten hebben verzonnen met de zonnewende en de Melkweg in gedachten.
Zonder ondubbelzinnig bewijs van de Maya's zelf zullen we nooit zeker weten waarom ze hun Lange Telling precies zo gemaakt hebben.
Russian military intervenes to prevent 'genocide' but the US regime sides with Georgia
Worldwide Terrorism
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13 Januari 2009 | 16:29:07
*** Russia has carried out a military operation to stop what Prime Minister Vladimir Putin described as "genocide" in South Ossetia. Georgia's actions in Ossetia and elsewhere have not been widely reported by the Western corporate media. The public in Western countries heard little or nothing about ethnic cleansing by Georgia until Russia intervened. Apparently "genocide" is not necessarily newsworthy, but when an enemy state conducts military operations in its own back yard it becomes instant headline news and senior politicians step forward to make high-profile speeches. ***
U.S. Assails Russian 'Escalation' Of Crisis
The Bush administration yesterday decried Russia's use of strategic bombers and ballistic missiles in Georgia as a "dangerous escalation" of the hostilities there, but said it will not immediately send an envoy to help mediate the crisis.
"It's hard for us to understand what the Russian plan is," said a senior U.S. official, who briefed reporters on the condition of anonymity. "People can argue back and forth over who shot first," but the Russian response is "far disproportionate to whatever threat" it may have perceived in the separatist Georgian region of South Ossetia.
With residents of the Georgian capital, Tbilisi, in a "panic" amid fears that the city will be bombed, the U.S. Embassy there has been placed on "authorized departure" status, meaning that dependents can leave at U.S. expense, the official said in a conference call.
The Bush administration is also arranging to transport as many as 2,000 Georgian troops back home from Iraq. Georgian forces make up the third-largest contingent in the multinational force in Iraq, after the United States and Britain.
"If [Georgian officials] request it, we will facilitate [the transfer] within a relatively short amount of time" with commercial or U.S. military aircraft, the official said. "We have communicated with the Russians what our obligations are" to Georgia.
The U.S. military has about 130 personnel in Georgia, where they train troops for the force in Iraq and for Georgian defense. All have been accounted for since Russian forces moved into South Ossetia on Friday, U.S. spokesmen have said.
The official speaking to reporters yesterday gave no indication that U.S. or NATO forces would come to Georgia's aid.
"We're not talking about anything beyond international diplomacy at this point," the official said.
Although Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said Friday that the administration would send an envoy as part of a mediation effort organized by the European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, she decided yesterday not to do so immediately, the official added.
"Our team that handles Georgia is not so big," he said. Rather than leave Rice without informed advice, he said, it was decided to "focus into getting our response thought through . . . and then send an envoy into the mediation phase."
The official said the United States and its European allies are still "working through" the parameters of a response. Rice "spoke to several of her European counterparts today," he said. "I'd rather not speculate on steps" they might decide on. "But we need to move very, very quickly," he said.
He said he did not see "any possibility whatsoever" of the Georgian conflict broadening to include others. "It's a very localized conflict that appears aimed at threatening the democratic experiment in Georgia," he said.
Rice has spoken several times with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov since the crisis began.
In a statement yesterday in Beijing, where he is attending the Olympics, President Bush called for an "immediate halt to violence" and said, "The United States takes this very seriously."
With a strategy still being decided and few readily apparent options to influence Russia's behavior, the Bush administration appeared to focus on trying to understand Moscow's motivation for unleashing sophisticated weapons against a relatively defenseless neighbor.
"Many speculate that part of the reason for the use of disproportionate force is because Russia doesn't want to see Georgia moving toward NATO," the official said. The United States has supported Georgia's interest in the Atlantic alliance.
Moscow has reportedly rejected any mediation in the conflict, and the U.S. official noted that Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin had been quoted in the Russian press as calling Georgia's action against South Ossetians "genocide." "Those are some pretty powerful words that are not helping us to end the violence," he said. "How could it be legitimate that any leader in this situation would reject international mediation?"
Although Georgia is not without blame in initiating the conflict, he said, the Georgians have now offered a cease-fire. "Russia's response is to step up attacks, continue bombing," he said. "It's very difficult for us to understand that."
SOURCE
Washington Post, "U.S. Assails Russian 'Escalation' Of Crisis", 10 August 2008.
CONFESSED child killer Dante Wyndham Arthurs has been sentenced to life in jail and will serve a minimum of 13 years before being eligible for parole.
In sentencing this afternoon, Justice John McKechnie told the WA Supreme Court that the murder of Sofia Rodriguez-Urrutia Shu was one of the “most grave crimes” and its effects “radiated out like a wave”.
Justice McKechnie sentenced Arthurs to life imprisonment, with a minimum of 13 years, for the murder charge, and to two years’ imprisonment for a deprivation of liberty charge - to be served concurrently.
“There are some crimes that are so evil they shock the public conscience,” Justice McKechnie said.
“You should clearly understand that when you are sentenced to life imprisonment you may never be released.”
Sofia’s naked body was found by her 14-year-old brother on the floor of a toilet cubicle at Livingston Marketplace Shopping Centre in Canning Vale on June 26, 2006.
Justice McKechnie said the crime had instilled fear in all parents.
“There are few domestic scenes more commonplace than the need of children to go to the toilet when shopping,” he said.
Justice McKechnie said the offence against Sofia was “eerily similar” to another in 2003, also against an 8-year-old girl, in which Arthurs was charged with indecently dealing. The charges were dropped.
“You have a dangerous sexual motivation towards young girls that manifests itself in violence,” he said.
Arthurs, 23, sat expressionless in the dock during sentencing, his head bowed as he awkardly rubbed his hands together, his breathing laboured.
From time to time he closed his eyes and drew deep breaths.
Justice McKechnie quoted from a victim impact statement from Sofia’s father, Gabriel Snr.
“We miss her every single day,” he read.
“We will miss her when her friends graduate, find boyfriends, marry and have children.”
Arthurs, 23, of Canning Vale, pleaded guilty to murder and deprivation of liberty, after charges of wilful murder and sexual penetration of a child were withdrawn at a Supreme Court hearing in September.
A pathologist found that Sofia had died from strangulation. She also had scratches to skin around her neck, fractures to both upper arms, both shins and legs and bruising to her back, knees and shins. There was also bruising and lacerations to her genital area.
In sentencing submissions, prosecutor Sam Vandongen told the court fingerprint examinations of the basin uncovered a palm print of Arthurs’ right hand.
The next day, police executed a search warrant of Arthurs’ home, uncovering a bag in his bedroom containing photographs of young girls, along with some girls’ clothing, a length of rope, a small knife and handcuffs.
The court heard that Arthurs had been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome - a disorder whereby people have an inability to communicate their feelings of anxiety or understand their moods. They may also experience a lack of facial expression or body language and be unable to empathise with the feelings of others.
His lawyer Bob Richardson told the court: “He (Arthurs) has great difficulty in relating what occurred”.
He said Arthurs recounted “snaps or frames” and that his client had told him it was “like he was watching someone else doing it”.
Mr Richardson said he had asked Arthurs why he had dragged Sofia into the cubicle, to which Arthurs had responded: “I didn’t intend to kill her. I didn’t want to hurt her. I wanted to touch her”
When asked in what way, Arthurs said: “Sexually”.
The court heard that Arthurs panicked after noticing there was bruising around her eyes and neck, and she had stopped breathing.
He said he then attempted mouth-to-mouth resusciatation, but when Sofia didn’t respond, he picked her up and shook her violently.
Nancy Neal Jones
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
301-286-0039 nancy.n.jones@nasa.gov
Jan. 12, 2009
MEDIA ADVISORY : M09-005
NASA Science Update to Discuss Mars Atmosphere Activity
WASHINGTON -- NASA will hold a science update at 2 p.m. EST, Thursday, Jan. 15, to discuss analysis of the Martian atmosphere that raises the possibility of life or geologic activity. The briefing will take place in the James E. Webb Memorial Auditorium at NASA Headquarters, 300 E St., S.W., Washington, and carried live on NASA Television.
The briefing participants are:
- Michael Meyer, Mars program lead scientist, NASA Headquarters in Washington
- Michael Mumma, senior planetary scientist and director, Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.
- Geronimo Villanueva, planetary scientist and astrobiologist, Goddard Space Flight Center
- Sushil Atreya, professor of atmospheric and space science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Lisa Pratt, professor of geological sciences, Indiana University in Bloomington.
Reporters may ask questions from participating NASA locations. They also may listen or ask questions by phone. To reserve a phone line, contact J.D. Harrington at 202-358-5241.
For information about NASA TV, streaming video, downlink and schedule information, visit:
I have added blue lines on this arctic map by Jan Lamprecht to indicate my estimated location of the north polar opening by drawing lines in the direction all these mirages have been seen. They all cross at 84.4 N Latitude, 141 E Longitude.
Measurements made between two submarine studies between the years 1958-1976 and 1993-1997 indicate that the ice in the Arctic has thinned 40 percent. The greatest thinning (-2.6 meters) was discovered in the area near our proposed Polar Opening. So this is a good time to be going. We will be traveling mostly in the leads. The Yamal has a helicopter to scout out ahead to help us find the leads. We are confident we will find the polar opening and enter therein.
Many years later, Lt. Green remembered this. He then proposed that this lost continent must be located more towards the Russian side of the pole. In his 1923 article in Popular Science Monthly magazine, Lt. Green concluded that the Lost Viking colonies of Greenland had migrated to that unknown land. In his article, Lt. Green announced a US Navy dirigible expedition to check out his theory. But the dirigible crashed before it could attempt the flight. 
In fact, whenever there is a large enough earthquake to ring the earth like a bell, there appears on the opposite side of the earth a shadow zone, where no or very few seismic waves arrive. This happens because the seismic waves from the earthquake cannot pass through the hollow interior of the planet. The shadow zone is THE evidence for a hollow interior.
A gravity meter lowered toward the central sphere of gravity located in the shell of a hollow earth would require a much more rapid decrease in the acceleration of gravity (red in the chart - actual measurement) than the much more gradual decrease in acceleration (purple in chart - calculated) that would be required to reach zero acceleration in the 4,000 miles to the center of a liquid-solid earth.
The sun has an electromagnetic field caused by the rotation of its crystal shell about its inner sun. If the sun were a gaseous planet, it could not produce an electromagnetic field. From an article in the Scientific American comes this significant confession: "In 1934, Thomas G. Cowling of the University of Leeds in England proved that single, symmetrical fluid flows cannot generate magnetic fields...Astronomers cannot explain the galaxies or solar magnetic fields." (Mystery of the Missing Dynamo, Scientific American, p. 24, January 1995)
